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Migraine vs headache: Types of headaches and how they're caused
Learn the difference between migraines and headaches, including common types like tension and cluster headaches, symptoms, and what causes them.

Headaches are one of the most common health complaints, but they aren't all the same thing. A headache can range from a mild, short-lived pressure in the head to severe, disabling pain that interferes with daily life. Among these, migraines stand out as a distinct neurological condition with their own set of symptoms, triggers, and biological causes.
Understanding the difference between a regular headache and a migraine matters because they don't come from the same mechanism in the body, and they don't respond the same way to treatment or lifestyle changes. While both conditions share some symptoms, the difference between migraine and headache isn't just about severity.
What is a headache?
A headache is pain or discomfort in the head or upper neck region. It's not a disease itself but a symptom that can have many different causes. Headaches happen when pain-sensitive structures in the head (like blood vessels, nerves, and muscles) become irritated or strained.
Most headaches fall into a few broad categories. They vary in intensity, duration, and underlying cause. Some people may find that they can directly link their headaches to events, while others struggle to find the root cause. Some headaches are linked to stress or muscle tension, while others are related to neurological or environmental triggers.
What is a migraine?
A migraine is a specific neurological disorder, not just a severe headache. It involves changes in brain activity that affect nerve signaling, blood flow, and inflammatory pathways.
Migraine pain is often moderate to severe and tends to be throbbing or pulsing. It usually occurs on one side of the head, though it can affect both. Many people also experience additional symptoms like nausea, sensitivity to light or sound, and fatigue. Some migraines also include a phase called an aura, which happens before or during the headache. This can involve visual disturbances (like flashing lights or blind spots), tingling sensations, or difficulty speaking.
Migraines tend to be recurrent and can be triggered by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Keeping track of your migraine triggers can help you learn what you need to avoid in order to have more migraine-free days.
Common types of headaches
Headaches are generally grouped into primary and secondary types. Primary headaches are not caused by another medical condition, while secondary headaches are the result of an underlying issue such as illness, injury, or medication use.
Tension headaches
Tension headaches are common, and they often feel like a dull, steady pressure or tight band around the head. They're frequently linked to stress, poor posture, eye strain, or muscle tightness in the neck and shoulders. Unlike migraines, tension headaches usually don't cause nausea or sensory sensitivity, and they tend to be more mild than other types of headaches.
Cluster headaches
Cluster headaches are less common. They can be extremely intense, and tend to occur in cyclical patterns or "clusters," often at the same time each day over a period of weeks or months. The pain is usually severe and focused around one eye or one side of the head. They may involve symptoms like a runny nose, watery eye, or restlessness.
Sinus headaches
Sinus headaches are associated with inflammation in the sinus cavities, often due to infection or allergies. They typically cause pressure around the forehead, cheeks, and eyes. However, many headaches thought to be sinus headaches are actually migraines, since migraine pain can also create facial pressure and congestion-like symptoms.
Migraine types and patterns
Migraines can appear in different forms, and not everyone experiences them the same way.
Migraine with aura
This type of migraine includes neurological symptoms that occur before the headache phase. These may include visual changes, sensory disturbances, or speech difficulties. The aura usually develops gradually and lasts less than an hour.
Migraine without aura
This is the most common type. It includes the headache phase and associated symptoms like nausea, sensitivity to light, and fatigue, but without the warning symptoms beforehand.
Chronic migraine
Chronic migraine is defined by frequent headache days, often occurring 15 or more days per month, with migraine features present on at least eight of those days. It can significantly affect quality of life and daily functioning.
Why headaches and migraines happen
Headaches and migraines don't have a single cause. Instead, they develop from a combination of biological factors and external triggers.
Stress is one of the most common contributors, especially for tension headaches and migraines. Changes in sleep patterns, dehydration, skipped meals, hormonal shifts, and certain foods or environmental exposures can also play a role.
In migraines specifically, research suggests that the brain becomes more sensitive to certain stimuli, leading to changes in nerve activity and inflammation that produce pain and associated symptoms.
How migraine triggers fit into the picture
Migraine triggers vary widely from person to person, but they often act as a spark in an already sensitive system rather than a sole cause. Common triggers include stress, lack of sleep, hormonal changes, strong sensory stimuli, and certain dietary factors. Tracking patterns can help identify what tends to precede migraine episodes, which can be useful for management and prevention strategies.
Tracking headache and migraine symptoms with Evidation
Headaches are common, but they aren't all the same. A tension headache, a cluster headache, and a migraine may share the symptoms of head pain, but they differ in cause, severity, and associated symptoms. Understanding those differences is often the first step in figuring out how to manage them more effectively and when it may be worth seeking medical support for recurring or severe symptoms.
At Evidation, we're here to help you find the patterns that can inform your next steps toward living your healthiest life. When you download the Evidation app, you'll get to connect the health data you're already tracking. We'll analyze the data you choose to share, and offer personalized, content-based insights that can inform your next steps in your health journey. Click here to learn more about how Evidation works and get started with the app today.
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Representation in Research Matters
We’re collaborating with BlackDoctor.org to ensure that the effects of COVID-19 are investigated in a representative population.
Historically, minorities have been inadequately represented in research studies. We’re committed to enrolling a more diverse and representative population in Evidation for studies.
We’re collaborating with BlackDoctor.org to ensure that the effects of COVID-19 are investigated in a representative population.
We, in partnership with BlackDoctor.org and Myovant Sciences, have launched Forward Momentum, a cross-sector coalition working to improve the lives of men with prostate cancer. Forward Momentum is committed to addressing the complex set of challenges that hold back the representation, information, and conversations that all men deserve. By bringing together organizations from diverse sectors and investing in novel digital initiatives, Forward Momentum strives to accelerate progress for men with prostate cancer.
Stay tuned for more updates from us on these research efforts!
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Hear from Us About the Future of Health
Evidation partners with the world’s leading healthcare companies and enables everyone to participate in research.
Our CEO, Deborah Kilpatrick, recently spoke on a podcast about the importance of everyday behavior data and the future of health. After working in the medical technology space, she joined Evidation Health in 2014. Evidation partners with the world’s leading healthcare companies and enables everyone to participate in research. We’re focused on helping people measure everyday activities. We’re also invested in connecting our community to opportunities that will help them better understand the conditions that impact them and their loved ones. Listen more on this podcast here.

Together We Can Achieve More
At Evidation, we’re focused on meeting people where they are and helping them along their health journey.
At Evidation, we’re focused on meeting people where they are and helping them along their health journey. Our engaged community of members represents 96% of U.S. counties and includes individuals across ages, ethnicities, and socioeconomic backgrounds. This community puts us in a unique position to learn from one another and contribute to meaningful health research.
With a mission of helping people participate in better health outcomes, we're committed to identifying opportunities that are inclusive of all and educating ourselves on the social issues that are impacting the world. To truly achieve our mission of helping people participate in better health outcomes, we recognize we have more work to do. Our commitment going forward:
- Provide our members with educational content around health and race curated by our team of researchers.
- Put in place more inclusive study opportunities for members to participate in.
- Do our part as a research company to participate in inclusive clinical research practices to ensure diverse and generalizable results through diverse participant recruitment and participation.
- Hold ourselves accountable by reporting our progress out to our members.
We’re committed to supporting long-term systematic change and stand in solidarity with our Black teammates, Evidation Members, and the entire Black community. We know this is only the beginning of the conversation, and we need to continue to fight for equality. We’ll continue to listen, educate ourselves, take action, hold ourselves accountable, and pledge to do our best to support all communities to participate in better health outcomes.
An immediate change we’re pleased to share is that Evidation Members can now donate their rewards to these charities:
American Civil Liberties Union
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Evidation Health and BARDA Partner on Early Warning System for COVID-19
On June 4th, Evidation Health announced a new effort to develop an early warning algorithm to detect symptoms of COVID-19 and to understand susceptibility to infection, funded by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), part of the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Here at Evidation, we’ve been identifying opportunities to contribute to COVID research. THe Evidation app is a product of Evidation Health, and has a community of over 3 million and members all around the United States. With an engaged research population representing a variety of zip codes and demographics, we’re uniquely positioned to help researchers and organizations conduct meaningful research about the pandemic.
On June 4th, Evidation Health announced a new effort to develop an early warning algorithm to detect symptoms of COVID-19 and to understand susceptibility to infection, funded by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), part of the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
“Many infected individuals are asymptomatic but still able to spread the virus, making efforts to prevent and slow transmission of COVID-19 difficult,” said Luca Foschini, Ph.D., Evidation’s co-founder and chief data scientist. “This initiative will use novel behavioral and physiological data to more effectively identify when and where people may contract COVID-19, and can potentially enable real-time interventions to limit spread and monitor outcomes.”
The analysis, performed in collaboration with non-profit 4YouandMe, will use de-identified data generated by self-reporting and wearable devices to track symptoms of COVID-19 in those at particularly high risk, including health care workers and other first responders, in order to better understand susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. One potential outcome of this work is an early warning algorithm to help individuals better understand and monitor their respiratory disease symptoms and take precautions against their spread.
“The ability to self-monitor and be informed of health status will empower Americans in their decisions to help slow the spread of this pandemic and improve health outcomes for people with COVID-19,” said BARDA Acting Director, Gary Disbrow, Ph.D. “This pilot study is not only an early step in demonstrating the utility of models developed using person-generated health data but also may provide data to better understand the varied symptoms of COVID-19.”
This program follows Evidation’s work with BARDA to monitor individuals for respiratory infections, such as influenza. Evidation’s existing research on influenza utilizes person-generated health data and population-based models with the goal of improving real-time respiratory infection monitoring at the individual and population level. BARDA is contributing a $720,000 award as part of BARDA’s COVID-19 Rapidly Deployable Capabilities program to identify and pilot near-term innovative solutions for COVID-19. Support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is from the $250 million the foundation has committed to address the COVID-19 pandemic.

How Evidation Members Rallied Together Through COVID Pulse Survey
Through this challenging time, we we've been inspired by our members who responded to many questions with great empathy and creativity as they have adapted to new routines
We’ve been continuing to monitor sentiment in the community around the coronavirus through an Evidation Survey called COVID Pulse. Since kicking off the survey on March 12th right after the coronavirus was declared a pandemic, we’ve been sending out a weekly survey to our members.
We wanted to quantify participation and interest and share some of the latest trends from our most recent surveys. After we released the first survey, we received over 120,000+ responses in five days from over 20,000 United States zip codes. The highest percentage of responses came from the age groups in the range of 30–39, followed by the 18–29 age range, and lastly, the 40–49 range. Though, we did see representation from members ages 18–80+! We’ve been pleasantly surprised by the number of members who have continued to check in week over week to share their sentiment surrounding coronavirus. In fact, 11% of survey respondents have completed all five COVID Pulse Surveys to date and 22%+ completed four out of five COVID Pulse Surveys.
Most recently, we saw that over 85% of respondents said that if social distancing and stay at home orders were lifted today, they would know what to do to reduce chances of contracting the coronavirus. We also saw that members would continue to take the necessary precautions even if social distancing guidelines and stay at home orders were lifted. Over 60% would continue to stay at home and maintain social distancing behaviors. Additionally, nearly 70% said they would continue to start to wear protective equipment (for example a face mask) in public settings. For those who responded in locations where shelter in place has been lifted, only ~25% of respondents said that they were attending small social events.
Through this challenging time, we were also inspired by our members who responded to many questions with great empathy and creativity as they have adapted to new routines. In fact, when asked about their concerns if they were to be diagnosed, 75% of respondents expressed concern over getting others sick in their worries. This fear was followed by 60% of respondents expressing their worry over the physical discomforts of getting sick. Regarding ways to minimize changes to physical and mental health, we’ve seen an uptick in individuals sharing the importance of maintaining whatever routines possible, avoiding or taking breaks from the news, and a continued connection through video chats with friends and family. In fact, maintaining connection through social media scored high for Evidation Members as a method to socialize with others. Both last week and this week, 70% of respondents said they used social media to socialize with other people.

Get Your Cooking Game On
We know that being stuck indoors can be tough, but hopefully getting creative in the kitchen continues to be a fun pastime for many.
As we continue to be home during the coronavirus, we wanted to share another collection of snack ideas that you can make at home. We know that being stuck indoors can be tough, but hopefully getting creative in the kitchen continues to be a fun pastime for many.
- Try your hand at making a sweet or savory dip at home! Check out this greek cucumber yogurt dip from the Today Show or this three ingredient Healthy Honey Mustard Dip from the blog Cupcakes and Kale Chips.
- Experiment with no-bake bars like this No Bake Chocolate Oat Bar from All Recipes.
- Make your own cup of Dalgona Coffee (the Coronavirus trend that’s bringing out everyone’s internal barista)
- Test out the dessert that’s on the rise — make this three ingredient crème brûlée.
- Bring Disneyland to your home with Disney’s official homemade churro recipe.
- In the absence of a trip to Benihana’s, learn how to make this chicken fried rice at home.
- Check out Wacky cake. It’s an old favorite that came from the Depression when there was less access to ingredients. This cake only takes a few, simple ingredients.
- Have some Nutella handy in your pantry? Make these DIY Nutella pops with two other ingredients and a popsicle stick.
- Eat breakfast like one of the royal family by trying out Prince Charles’ famous cheesy baked eggs
- If you’re feeling fancy, you can also give Queen Elizabeth’s drop scones a try.

Oura Ring + Evidation = Match Made in Heaven
We know a big part of your Evidation experience is connecting apps and wearables to your account. Did you know here are more than 15 apps you can connect to help you earn points faster?
We know a big part of your Evidation experience is connecting apps and wearables to your account. To date, there are 15+ apps that you can connect to Evidation to track different activities that you take. For a reminder of which apps are available and where you can connect these apps to your experience, check out the Connect Apps page here.

We’re pleased today to share that the Oura Ring is now available to connect to Evidation. To connect your OURA ring and app, please follow these directions below:
- Log into the Evidation app or website > middle tab (apps section)
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2. Connect > Oura > Log in to OURA account
Note: it may take a few minutes to sync. If the app shows ‘not yet synced’
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Please go back to the middle tab and click down to refresh the app. If all dates did not retroactively sync, we recommend to disconnect the app from Evidation and reconnect.
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Can a furry friend help you cope with COVID?
You may be wondering, can owning a dog help you live a bit healthier? It turns out that new dog owners in general are a promising sign of better health!
We know that the last few months have put everyone into a new funk. Work, lifestyles, and exercise are all uniquely different than they may have been back when 2020 started.
That’s why we decided to look at how Evidation Members were resting and perhaps coping with some of these changes. To better understand our community, we decided to look at members who logged fitbit data in 2019 and 2020 between January and April to see if the pandemic was causing people to change up their nap schedule (hopefully for the better). Total number of naps per user per day were counted and the average nap count per day was calculated across our Evidation population. See the figure below:
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It appears that members are indeed napping far more than they were in 2019, beginning at about the time shelter in place orders began (which was around March 15, 2020, see grey in graph). On average, after shelter in place began, Evidation Members napped 14.37% more compared to the previous year during this time period. That’s many more naps! And hopefully, people are using this time to rest and recuperate.
We know that being mindful of sleep is one way people can take care of their health. However, we also observed in the news that fostering dogs has been at an all time high. It has become so popular that there’s even a waitlist.
So, in addition to users napping far more compared to last year, we delved more into what other things users are doing differently during this uncertain time. We released a survey a few weeks ago asking our members about their dogs, what type of relationship they have with their pets, and their activity habits with their pets. We received over 35,000 responses!
The first thing we wanted to know about our members and their pets was whether they had recently fostered a dog. It turns out that many people have begun to foster dogs, likely due to the pandemic. In total, 1,500+ Achievers indicated that they fostered their dog in between February and April of this year. Compare that to only 450+ Achievers during that time period last year. It definitely appears that the pandemic is causing people to go out and lend a helping hand to a homeless dog.
Of the people who recently fostered a dog, 55% indicated that they are now working from home due to the coronavirus. 39% said that they are still going into work, and 5% indicated that they had worked at home prior to the pandemic. These newly remote workers appear to be helping keep these shelters empty.
You may be wondering, can owning a dog help you live a bit healthier? It turns out that new dog owners in general are a promising sign of better health! For those that got their dog in 2019 or 2020, we found that members walk on average about 350 steps more per day, comparing the 30 days prior to getting a dog with the 30 days post getting a dog. Even in pandemic times (though members are walking far less than their 2019 dog owner counterparts, by about 1000 steps per day for those that got their dogs in March and April), members with new dogs are getting a 200 step increase in steps pre vs post dog ownership! Of course, this is expected, and we’re happy to report that dogs can help you get more steps. This trend turned out to be especially true for the older folks in our population. The 50+ population increased their steps by about 500 steps on average, compared to the ~200 step increase for those who are less than 50. Take a look:
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Another interesting question we asked our members was whether or not they sleep with their pets and how often per week they sleep with their pets. While we didn’t see a necessary difference in sleep quality or total time when our members had their dog buddies snoozing with them, we did see many people report that they sleep next to their dogs. In fact, 73% of Evidation Members said they nap or sleep next to their dog, at least once per week. For members who said they nap or sleep next to their dog, over 19,000 reported to nap or sleep next to their dog at least 4 times a week! This may sound surprising for the folks who may not have furry pals, but many can attest that sleeping next to their dogs can be a comforting ritual.
The last thing we wanted to explore was whether we could learn anything about our members who had reported that having a dog had helped them manage with their health-condition (heart condition, limited mobility, etc). We found that 1000+ members agreed that having a dog helped. It seemed as though having a furry friend was very helpful for emotional support and well being. We did not find any concrete information around managing conditions, but were glad to hear that those who had self reported with many conditions (specifically anxiety, asthma, chronic pain, depression, diabetes, high cholesterol, hypertension and migraines) and who had a higher resting heart rate found having a pet to be supportive.

5 Ways to Live a Climate-Friendly Lifestyle While Sheltering In Place
5 tips to help you lead a more climate-friendly lifestyle all while safely sheltering in place!
This week, we celebrated Earth Day on April 22nd. While this year brought a fresh perspective on the day, we still found some great ideas on how to be involved even if some swaps to celebrations meant staying indoors.
We hope that these tips will help you lead a more climate-friendly lifestyle all while safely sheltering in place!
- NASA created all kinds of resources online to give Earth Day the proper 50th year celebration it deserved. Check out everything from satellite views of the planet to global archives of photos capturing hurricanes, wildfires, icebergs and more!
- Try planting something and create a little garden. For simple tips, read more in this USA Today Article.
- Experiment with a plant based meal. If you have a sweet tooth, check out these quick, easy swaps.
- Make a grocery list via any of these apps (AnyList, Mealime, Bring! to name a few) to more easily keep track of home food needs.
- Small actions can have a big impact! Switch to paperless bank statements where you can and make sure to unplug electronic devices and appliances when you aren’t using them around your home.