March is Endometriosis Awareness Month, a time to raise awareness about this common yet often misunderstood condition. Endometriosis is a common condition, affecting more than 5 million people in the US, and yet it often takes years to receive a proper diagnosis and treatment.

What is endometriosis?

Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterus, causing pain and inflammation. This tissue can grow on organs such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and bladder, and can cause painful periods, pain during sex, and chronic pelvic pain. In some cases, endometriosis can also lead to infertility.

Symptoms of endometriosis

Endometriosis can cause a range of symptoms, which can vary in severity from person to person. Some individuals with endometriosis may experience no symptoms at all, while others may have debilitating pain. Some common symptoms of endometriosis include:

‍Painful periods: This is one of the most common symptoms of endometriosis. The pain may be severe and may last throughout the entire menstrual cycle.

‍Pain during sex: Pain during sex, or dyspareunia, is another common symptom of endometriosis. The pain may be deep and may last for several hours after sex.

‍Chronic pelvic pain: This is pain that lasts for six months or longer and is located in the pelvic region.

‍Painful bowel movements or urination: Endometriosis tissue can grow on the bladder or intestines, causing pain during bowel movements or urination.

‍Infertility: In some cases, endometriosis can lead to infertility. It’s estimated that up to 50% of individuals with endometriosis may experience infertility.

These symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, so it's important to speak with your healthcare provider to determine the underlying cause of your symptoms. If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, speak with your healthcare provider to discuss your options for diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosing endometriosis can be challenging, as the symptoms can be similar to those of other conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The gold standard for diagnosis is laparoscopic surgery, in which a small camera is inserted into the abdomen to look for endometrial tissue. However, there are also non-invasive imaging tests, such as ultrasounds or MRI, that can help identify endometriosis.

Treatment for endometriosis can vary depending on the severity of symptoms and the desire for future fertility. Treatment options may include pain medication, hormonal therapies, or surgery to remove endometrial tissue. In some cases, a combination of treatments may be necessary.

Risk Factors and Causes of Endometriosis

The exact cause of endometriosis is unknown, but there are several factors that may increase the risk of developing the condition. These include:

‍Hormones: Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent condition, meaning it’s influenced by levels of estrogen in the body. Higher levels of estrogen may increase the risk of developing endometriosis.

‍Genetics: Endometriosis may run in families, suggesting a genetic component to the condition.

‍Retrograde menstruation: This occurs when menstrual blood flows back through the fallopian tubes and into the pelvic cavity, where it can implant and grow outside of the uterus.

‍Immune system dysfunction: A weakened immune system may be less able to recognize and eliminate endometrial cells that have grown outside of the uterus.

Other potential risk factors for endometriosis include a low body mass index (BMI), early onset of menstruation, and frequent periods with a short menstrual cycle.

While there are several risk factors associated with endometriosis, it's important to note that anyone with a uterus can develop the condition, regardless of their risk factors. If you are experiencing symptoms of endometriosis, speak with your healthcare provider to discuss your options for diagnosis and treatment.

How Endometriosis Can Affect Quality of Life

Endometriosis can have a significant impact on a person's quality of life. The pain and other symptoms associated with endometriosis can interfere with daily activities, work, and relationships. Some of the common ways that endometriosis can affect a person's life include:

Pain: The pain associated with endometriosis can be severe and debilitating, making it difficult to engage in everyday activities and tasks.

‍Fatigue: Endometriosis can cause fatigue and exhaustion, making it difficult to complete daily tasks and activities.

‍Infertility: Endometriosis can sometimes lead to infertility, which can be emotionally challenging for those who want to have children and possibly impact a person's relationships and plans for the future.

‍Mental health: Inadequate and/or discriminatory treatment of chronic pain and other symptoms associated with endometriosis can lead to depression, anxiety, and other mental health conditions.

‍Work and school: These environments may not understand the accommodations needed to manage endometriosis, and managing endometriosis can make it difficult to attend work or school regularly, impacting a person's performance and potentially leading to missed opportunities. 

It's important for individuals with endometriosis to seek support and resources to manage the impact of the condition on their daily life. This can include medical treatments, therapy, support groups, and lifestyle changes. Speaking with a healthcare provider or mental health professional can be a helpful first step in managing the impact of endometriosis on daily life.

Support for Endometriosis

Living with endometriosis can be challenging, both physically and emotionally. It's important for individuals with endometriosis to have access to support and resources. Here are a few organizations that offer support for those living with endometriosis:

‍Endometriosis Association - this organization offers support groups, educational resources, and advocacy for those with endometriosis.

‍EndoFound - EndoFound provides support and resources for individuals with endometriosis, as well as funding for research to improve diagnosis and treatment.

‍EndoBlack - EndoBlack is an organization dedicated to supporting and advocating for Black people with endometriosis. They provide resources, support, and community for Black individuals who are living with endometriosis, and they work to raise awareness about the unique challenges and experiences that Black people face in accessing care and treatment.

‍The Black Women's Health Imperative - The Black Women's Health Imperative is a nonprofit organization focused on advancing health equity for Black women. They provide resources and information on a range of health issues, including endometriosis.

‍The National Latina Institute for Reproductive Justice - The National Latina Institute for Reproductive Justice is a national organization that focuses on reproductive health and justice for Latinas. They provide resources and information on a range of reproductive health issues, including endometriosis.

‍The Asian Pacific Islander American Health Forum - The Asian Pacific Islander American Health Forum is a national health justice organization focused on improving the health and well-being of Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders. They provide resources and information on a range of health issues, including endometriosis.

‍The Native American Women's Health Education Resource Center - The Native American Women's Health Education Resource Center is a nonprofit organization that provides resources and information on a range of health issues affecting Native American women, including endometriosis. They also offer a range of services, including educational materials, advocacy, and support groups.

Disparities in Diagnosis and Care

Studies have shown that individuals of color, particularly Black individuals, face disparities in the diagnosis and care of endometriosis. 

Black individuals with endometriosis are more likely to experience pain and have a longer time to diagnosis compared to white individuals with endometriosis. They are less likely to receive minimally invasive surgery and more likely to undergo hysterectomy. 

Additionally, Black individuals with endometriosis are more likely to have a delayed diagnosis and be misdiagnosed with other conditions such as fibroids or pelvic inflammatory disease. These disparities may be due to a lack of awareness among healthcare providers, bias, discrimination, and systemic racism within the healthcare system.

These statistics highlight the disparities in diagnosis and care for endometriosis in Black individuals, and underscore the need for increased awareness, advocacy, and access to quality care. It’s crucial to address these disparities and ensure that all individuals, regardless of race or ethnicity, receive the same level of care and support for endometriosis.

‍Here are some resources that address these disparities:

‍The Endometriosis Foundation of America - The EFA has a page on their website dedicated to addressing disparities in endometriosis care for individuals of color. They provide information on why these disparities exist and what can be done to address them.

‍Black Women's Health Imperative - The Black Women's Health Imperative is an organization dedicated to improving the health and wellness of Black individuals. They provide resources and advocacy for a range of health issues, including endometriosis.

‍The Endometriosis Coalition - The Endometriosis Coalition is an organization that provides support and education for individuals with endometriosis, as well as advocacy for better diagnosis and care. They have a focus on addressing disparities in care for individuals of color.

Conclusion

Endometriosis Awareness Month is an important opportunity to increase understanding of this painful and often debilitating condition.

It's important to raise awareness about endometriosis not only to promote early diagnosis and treatment, but also to advocate for better healthcare and support for those struggling with this condition. This includes addressing disparities in diagnosis and care for people of color, who may face additional barriers to accessing quality healthcare and accommodations to what can be a debilitating condition. It's also important to connect with supportive communities and organizations, which can provide valuable resources, education, and advocacy.

By raising awareness, advocating for better care, and connecting with supportive communities, we can work to improve the lives of those who are affected by endometriosis. We encourage everyone to take the time to learn about this condition, support those who are affected by it, and take action to promote greater understanding and awareness.

‍

November is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) awareness month. COPD is an umbrella term describing progressive lung diseases like emphysema and chronic bronchitis. 

According to John Hopkins Medicine, “COPD affects more than 24 million Americans, yet many don’t even know they have it.” 

In today’s article, we’ll cover:

• What COPD is
• What causes it
• Symptoms and signs
• How it’s diagnosed 
• Treatment options

Read on to learn more about COPD and how to take part in COPD awareness month.

What is COPD?

‍COPD is a chronic lung disease caused by long-term exposure to irritants. These irritants can lead to scarring and narrowing of the airways, destruction of the alveoli, and excess mucus buildup—all of which make it difficult to breathe.  

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the most common conditions that lead to COPD.

• Emphysema occurs when alveoli—the air sacs in the lungs—become damaged. Over time, the air sacs can rupture, creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones. This reduces the surface area of the lungs and the amount of oxygen entering the bloodstream. 
• Chronic bronchitis is long-term inflammation of the bronchi. Bronchi are large air passages that send air from the windpipe (trachea) to the lungs. This inflammation causes excess mucus production, among other things.

What causes COPD?

Smoking is the leading cause of COPD in developed countries. 

Worldwide, indoor air pollution—due to smoke from cooking and heating in poorly ventilated homes—causes the majority of COPD cases, particularly in developing nations. 

While cigarette smoking is the major cause of COPD in the US, physicians have discovered that some people are at higher risk for COPD because they never developed completely “healthy lungs.” 

‍Why do some people not develop healthy lungs? 

Exposure to second-hand smoke or air pollution as a child or before birth can impair lung growth. Respiratory infections in childhood may also impact lung development. 

This means that those exposed to irritants during their early development can be more susceptible to the toxic effects of tobacco smoke and COPD.

Symptoms

‍What are common symptoms associated with COPD?

Symptoms of COPD are often missed until significant lung damage has occurred. Early on in the course of the disease, people may feel out of breath during exercise and chalk it up to being out of shape. Symptoms often worsen over time, especially with continued exposure to smoke or other irritants. 

Symptoms of COPD may include: 

• Wheezing
• Lack of energy
• Chest tightness
• Swelling in feet, legs, or ankles
• Recurring respiratory infections 
• Unintended weight loss in later stages
• Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity
• Chronic coughing that may produce mucus (sputum) that’s clear, white, yellow, or greenish

After developing COPD, exposure to smoke, allergies, or illness can lead to episodes called exacerbations. During an exacerbation, symptoms become worse, even life threatening, and may continue for several days or weeks.  

How is COPD diagnosed? 

Many individuals aren’t properly diagnosed until the condition is fairly advanced.

To diagnose COPD, a doctor will look for the usual signs and symptoms. They’ll also ask about medical and family history and any past exposure to lung irritants. 

Afterward, there are several tests a doctor may order to diagnose the condition. Tests may include:

• CT scans to help detect emphysema and assist in determining if a patient could benefit from surgery.
• Chest X-rays to identify emphysema and rule out heart failure and other potential lung problems.
• Laboratory tests may be used to determine the cause of symptoms and rule out any other possible conditions.
• Arterial blood gas analysis, a blood test, to measure how well the lungs bring oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide. 
• Lung (pulmonary) function tests to measure the amount of air inhaled and exhaled and whether the lungs are delivering enough oxygen to the blood. During a spirometry test (the most common pulmonary function test), a person blows into a tube connected to a machine. The machine then measures how much air the lungs can hold, and how fast the person can blow out air from their lungs.

Treatment options 

Those with mild forms of COPD may need little intervention other than quitting smoking and avoiding air pollutants.

‍In more advanced stages, treatment can help:‍

• Control symptoms
• Slow disease progression 
• Improve the ability to live an active life
• Reduce the risk of complications and exacerbations 

If you’re a smoker, the most important step is to quit smoking to help avoid making the condition worse.

Your doctor can suggest the right interventions and medications, and help you learn how to handle relapses. Treatments include:

• Medications: Bronchodilators and oral steroids are the most common medications. Bronchodilators help relax the muscles around the airways, which can make breathing easier by relieving coughing and shortness of breath. When COPD becomes more severe (during exacerbations), oral corticosteroids can be used to reduce inflammation and prevent worsening symptoms. 
• Lung therapies: People with moderate to severe COPD may receive oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation programs (PRP). Oxygen therapy can help boost oxygen levels in the blood. Some people need oxygen therapy devices all day, while others use them only during activities or sleep. PRPs combine counseling, nutrition advice, and exercise training in an effort to reduce visits to the hospital, increase the ability to do daily activities, and improve quality of life. 
• Surgery: When medications don’t provide relief, people may receive a lung volume reduction surgery, where small wedges of damaged tissue in the upper lungs are removed. For some people, this surgery can improve their quality of life and prolong survival. A complete lung transplant may be possible for people who meet certain criteria. A lung transplant can help people breathe and be active. However, it’s a major operation, and has many risks involved, including lifelong side effects of immune-suppressing medications. 

How to take part during national COPD awareness month

COPD is responsible for the loss of over 150,000 people each year in the United States. Despite this, COPD is ranked 176th for research funding. 

Here are three ways you can take part to help with COPD awareness: ‍

• Educate yourself about COPD, what causes it, the symptoms and signs, and how it’s treated.
• Tell people you know about what you’ve learned to spread awareness.
• Share articles like this one on social media so others can learn about the risks and causes of COPD.

More than 8 million people in the US have psoriasis.

August is Psoriasis Awareness Month - the perfect time to emphasize the importance of educating, spreading awareness, and working toward a shared goal of finding a cure for this common condition.

‍What exactly is psoriasis? 

‍What sort of symptoms are common with this condition?

‍How is someone diagnosed? 

‍And what are some of the treatment options available?

In today’s article, we’ll be breaking down everything you need to know about psoriasis, so you can educate, spread awareness, and most importantly, participate during this month of awareness. Keep reading to learn more!

What is psoriasis?

Psoriasis is a disease that affects the skin, creating itchy and scaly-like patches. It most commonly affects the knees, elbows, trunk, and scalp. 

It occurs when skin cells grow faster than usual. There’s no known reason for why this happens, but it’s presumed it’s caused by a problem with the immune system. The theory is that cells that fight off infections mistakenly begin to attack healthy skin cells.

Psoriasis is a long-term, fairly common condition. And at the moment, there’s no cure. 

‍But that’s one of the many reasons awareness is so important.

Psoriasis can be painful, making it hard to concentrate or even get a good night's rest. It's clear psoriasis has a physical impact on our health, but it can also affect us emotionally. It can cause an increased risk of anxiety and depression. And people with psoriasis may also feel the need to cover their skin and altogether avoid social interactions during a flare-up. 

The disease can go through cycles. It can flare for a few weeks or months, and then subside. And certain things may trigger a psoriasis breakout such as cuts, infections, burns, and even certain medications.

Symptoms and diagnoses

Some common symptoms of psoriasis include:

• Itching
• Burning 
• Soreness
• Dry and cracked skin that may bleed
• Rashes that flare for a few weeks or months and then subside
• A variety of different colored rashes. On dark skin they may appear purple with scales of gray, while on light skin they can be pink or red with silver scaling
• A patchy rash that varies in how it looks from person to person, it can range from small spots of dandruff-like scaling to major cases that cover most of the body

These are just some of the general symptoms. There are many different forms of psoriasis, and because of this, the skin condition can vary in its signs and symptoms. 

Some different forms of psoriasis include: 

• Plaque psoriasis - this is the most common form of psoriasis. It causes raised skin patches that are dry and itchy. Usually appearing on the elbows, scalp, lower back, and knees. There can be an eruption of many, or just a few.
• Nail psoriasis - this skin condition solely affects the finger and toenails. Creating pitting, discolorations, and abnormal nail growth.
• Guttate psoriasis - young adults and children are primarily affected by this form of psoriasis. It’s identified by small drop-shaped scaling spots on the legs, arms, or trunk. And it’s usually triggered by some form of bacteria such as strep throat.
• Inverse psoriasis - mainly affecting the skin of the buttocks, groin, and breasts. This form of skin disease causes smooth formations of inflamed skin that can worsen from sweat or friction. Fungal infections may be a trigger.  
• Pustular psoriasis - this is a rarer type of psoriasis. It causes pus-filled blisters and can occur in small patches or widespread formations. One form is found primarily on the palms of your hand or soles of your feet.
• Erythrodermic psoriasis - this is the least common form. It creates a peeling rash that can cover the entire body. It may itch or burn intensely, and those affected by it could experience it for short or long-term periods of time. 

Understanding the symptoms can help you take proper action to get a diagnosis. 

A health care provider will examine your skin, nails, and scalp and ask questions about your health in order to diagnose the issue. 

In some cases, they might take a small sample of skin for more examination under a microscope. Doing this can help rule out other disorders and determine the specific type of psoriasis someone might be experiencing. 

Treatment options

What are the treatment options available?

There are a variety of treatments for psoriasis. Some of which include:

• Light therapy 
• Topical therapy
• Alternative therapies
• Oral or injected medications

Some different forms of topical therapy include:

• Corticosteroids - this is used to treat mild to moderate psoriasis. These are the most commonly prescribed medications. 
• Vitamin D analogues - these synthetic forms of Vitamin D (calcitriol and calcipotriene) work to slow skin growth. They’re sometimes used alone, or with topical corticosteroids.
• Salicylic acid - Shampoos and scalp solutions with salicylic acid help reduce scalp psoriasis scaling. 

Forms of light therapy might include:

• Sunlight - exposure to sunlight might actually help psoriasis.
• UVB broadband - using controlled doses of UVB broadband light from an artificial light source can help treat single patches and widespread psoriasis. It can also help treat psoriasis that isn’t improving from topical solutions.
• Excimer laser - this form of light therapy uses a strong UVB light targeting only the affected skin. Because a more powerful UVB light is used, excimer lasers usually require fewer sessions than traditional phototherapy. 

Some oral and injected medications used to treat psoriasis could include steroids, biologics, retinoids, methotrexate, and more. 

‍Studies also suggest certain alternative medicines not practiced within the traditional forms of Western medicine may help alleviate symptoms of psoriasis. Some of these alternative therapies include Oregon grape, fish oil supplements, and aloe extract cream. 

We suggest consulting with a health care provider if you’re considering using alternative treatments for psoriasis.

Conclusion - How to take part in Psoriasis Awareness Month

‍How can you take part in Psoriasis Awareness Month?

For starters, educating yourself is a crucial step you can take. Building knowledge around the topic allows you to help others and spread awareness. 

You can help others during this time by sharing information about causes, treatment, symptoms, and even certain triggers.

And you can even get more involved by participating in events or donating to causes working toward finding a cure.

‍So what are you waiting for?

Be sure to share this article with your friends, colleagues, and family so you can do your part and help spread awareness around this very common condition.

Although arthritis is commonly associated with older aged people, a form of arthritis known as juvenile arthritis affects approximately 300,000 teenagers and kids in the United States.

That’s why it’s so important for us to observe Juvenile Arthritis Awareness Month every year.

During July, we look to not only observe, but also spread awareness and educate ourselves and those around us about this condition.

1 in 250 kids is affected by some form of juvenile arthritis.

‍So, what can we do to help?

‍What is juvenile arthritis and what causes it?

‍What are the symptoms we should look out for in our children? 

‍And how can you get the proper diagnoses and treatments?

We’ll be speaking on these matters and sharing how you can take part during this important month and make an impact on people's lives and communities. Keep reading to learn more.

What’s juvenile arthritis? What causes it?

Juvenile arthritis isn’t a singular disease. It’s an umbrella term used to describe rheumatic and inflammatory diseases that affect children under the age of 16.

‍Autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases make up most types of juvenile arthritis.

This means that the immune system, which normally fights against foreign bodies like germs and viruses, becomes confused and starts releasing inflammatory chemicals that attack healthy tissue and cells.

‍But how does this affect the body?

This results in joint pain, tenderness, swelling, and inflammation. 

But in some cases, none of these symptoms are visible on the joints. It sometimes only affects the internal organs and skin.

‍So, what causes juvenile arthritis? 

The verdict behind the cause of it is still up in the air. But several factors like our environment and certain genetics may lead to juvenile arthritis. 

This means it could get passed down through families or triggered by exposure to certain things.

Symptoms and diagnosis

‍What are common symptoms associated with juvenile arthritis?

People dealing with juvenile arthritis might experience:

• Pain - it’s common to feel a certain degree of pain in the joints or around them.
• Stiffness - as joints become painful they may also become stiff. 
• Swelling - when certain joints become inflamed it’s common to notice some swelling.
• High fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes - in rare cases, children who have juvenile arthritis may experience these symptoms.

‍Now, how is juvenile arthritis diagnosed?

There is no particular test to confirm the condition. But when a healthcare professional examines someone who may have juvenile arthritis, they look at their health history and they may do a physical examination.

They usually ask about symptoms the person is experiencing and any recent illnesses that may have occurred. In many cases, when inflammation symptoms have been present for 6 weeks or more, juvenile arthritis may be the cause.

There are different forms of tests that may also be performed. Common forms of testing include blood tests and imaging tests. 

‍Some blood tests include:‍

• Complement tests - these tests measure the level of complement in the bloodstream. Complement is a protein found in our bloodstream. Low levels are often linked to immune disorders.
• White blood cell count - higher levels of white blood cells may indicate an infection is prevalent. Lower levels may show a sign of some autoimmune diseases or even reactions to medications.
• Antinuclear antibody (ANA) and other antibody tests - these tests measure the levels of antibodies in the blood. The levels are often elevated in people who have autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

‍Imagery tests could include:‍

• MRI
• X-Rays
• CT scan
• Bone scan

Urine tests might also be performed. They’re used to find blood or protein in the urine which could indicate the kidneys aren’t working properly. 

Another form of testing for juvenile arthritis is joint aspiration. This test consists of taking synovial fluid (a thick liquid that lubricates the joints) from a joint and examining it to see if bacteria or viruses are present. Juvenile arthritis can be activated by certain viruses and bacteria.

Treatment options

Medications, lifestyle changes, and different forms of therapies are all used to treat juvenile arthritis.

Some medications that are commonly prescribed include:

• Corticosteroid medicines - these medications are often used to treat severe symptoms people may experience and to reduce inflammation
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) - NSAIDs are sometimes used to reduce inflammation and pain.
• Disease-modifying antirheumatic medicines (DMARDs) - these medications work to ease inflammation and control juvenile arthritis.

Medicines known as biologics are sometimes used if other forms of treatment aren’t working. These medicines work by interfering with the inflammatory response of the body.

Different forms of therapy are also used to improve certain aspects of life that juvenile arthritis might hinder. 

To improve and maintain joint and muscle function, some people do physical therapy. Occupational therapy might also be another solution to help people in their ability to perform regular daily activities.

Some lifestyle changes that may help include:‍

• Weight control
• Exercising regularly 
• Nutritional coaching 
• Getting enough rest

How to participate in Juvenile Arthritis Awareness Month

What can you do to help your community and those affected by this condition? 

One way we can participate is by educating ourselves and spreading awareness around Juvenile Arthritis Awareness Month. 

Educating ourselves gives us the chance at having a better understanding of the condition and how we can help those affected by it. It also allows us to educate others.

And spreading awareness is a great way to introduce this condition to those who may be unaware of it. We can spread awareness by speaking with friends, family, and coworkers, or we can even share information and articles on social media.

Another way to get involved would be to take part in community events or even host one of your own. 

Conclusion

Juvenile Arthritis Awareness Month is about educating, spreading awareness, and taking part in events that help those who are living with this condition.

Whether you decide to take part in community events or speak with your friends and family, we encourage you to take part.

Arthritis is often seen as a condition that only affects older adults, but with more awareness, we can change that conversation.

Make sure to share this with your friends, family, coworkers, or even your social media, and do your part in helping this important cause.

Self-reported migraines and severe headaches affect roughly 1 in 6 Americans.

It’s a common theme, and it happens to many of us. Whether we experience them regularly, or from time to time, headaches present a real problem for many people in their day-to-day lives.

During National Migraine and Headache Awareness month we look to educate and spread awareness around this common condition. We also look to encourage people who experience migraines or chronic headaches to seek help and learn about the treatment options available to them.

‍In today’s article we’ll be exploring:‍

• What migraines and headaches are 
• How and why migraines and headaches occur
• Symptoms and signs 
• Treatment options available
• How to participate in National Migraine and Headache Awareness Month

Keep reading to learn more about migraines and chronic headaches and what you can do to get the help you need.

What are migraines and headaches? How do they happen?

So, what are migraines and headaches?‍

And what’s the difference between a headache and a migraine?

We often associate both with that throbbing, painful feeling we experience in various areas of the head, but there’s actually more to it than just that.

To begin with, headaches are actually just one of the symptoms of a migraine. Headaches can range in severity and length. But they’re actually different from migraines altogether, we sometimes experience them as a result of a migraine or separately on their own.

Some of the most common types of headaches include:

• Sinus headaches - clogged sinuses cause this type of headache to occur. When our sinus passages swell up, we experience a sinus headache.
• Cluster headaches - this type of headache tends to happen daily and sometimes many times per day for several months, and in different areas of the head. When blood vessels become dilated in the brain because of the release of serotonin and histamines we experience this type of headache. Changes in altitude, physical exertion, and bright light may bring on this type of headache. 
• Tension headaches - these are the most common form of headaches we experience. Hunger, excess stress, and eye strain frequently cause this form of headache. Tension headaches are sometimes felt for prolonged periods of time.

‍Now, what differentiates a migraine from a headache?

As we mentioned earlier, a headache is just one symptom someone might experience as a result of a migraine. 

‍Migraines involve nerve pathways and chemicals and they're seen as a neurobiological disease. 

‍Hormones and chemical compounds like serotonin and estrogen often play a role in the pain we experience when a migraine occurs. 

With more research and as better technology comes to the forefront, we’re starting to get a better understanding of migraines and why they occur. 

A new theory suggests waves of activity from excitable brain cells may cause the migraine by triggering chemicals like serotonin, causing it to narrow blood vessels.

The theory states we experience a migraine when the levels of serotonin and/or estrogen change. 

So, now that we know the potential science behind why we experience migraines, what causes them?

It varies from person to person, but triggers for migraines might include:

• Allergies - allergies often cause inflammation and irritation throughout the body. This could result in the inflammation of blood vessels, leading to a migraine. 
• Environments - changes in our stress, diet, or the weather can all trigger the onset of a migraine. 
• Genetics and family history - if members of your family suffer from migraines, you're more likely to experience them as well. 
• Gender and hormonal shifts - women are 3 times more likely to experience migraines compared to men. Changes in hormones and menstrual cycles may affect the probability of women suffering from migraines. 

Symptoms and signs

It’s important to understand the symptoms of headaches and migraines and the treatment options available.

Depending on the type of headache you’re experiencing you may deal with different symptoms. With a tension headache, pain is consistent and it feels mild to moderate. It affects both sides of the head (bilateral) and it can worsen while doing certain activities like running or bending over.

‍Cluster headaches are often intense and have a burning or stabbing-like sensation associated with them. They’re either constant or throbbing. Often, the pain occurs in the eye region or behind one eye and it doesn’t change sides.

Symptoms of sinus headaches may include fever, swelling in the face, bad taste in the mouth, and constant deep pain in the forehead and cheekbones. The pain may get worse with sudden head movements.

‍Migraines follow a different trajectory.

There are actually four stages people may experience with a migraine: 

• Prodrome
• Aura
• Attack
• Postdrome 

Not everybody who suffers from migraines goes through all four stages.

A few days prior to a migraine people might experience symptoms during the prodrome phase that could indicate a migraine is coming. This includes:

• Constipation
• Neck stiffness
• Fluid retention
• Food cravings
• Frequent yawning
• Increased urination
• Mood changes from depression to euphoria 

The aura stage may occur before or even during a migraine. It usually consists of visual symptoms of the nervous system that are reversible, but other irritations may occur as well. Some symptoms include:

• Vision loss
• Difficulty speaking
• Pins and needles sensations in an arm or leg
• Weakness or numbness in the face or one side of the body
• Visual phenomena like seeing bright spots or flashes of light

Now, during the actual migraine (the attack phase) people may experience:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Pain that throbs or pulses
• Sensitivity to light, sound, and sometimes smell and touch
• Pain sometimes on one side of the head but more often on both sides

When a migraine is finally over, we enter the postdrome phase. People might feel drained and confused during this time, and sudden movement of the head may cause migraine pain again briefly.

Treatment options

So, now that we know symptoms to look out for, what about treatment options?

‍What can we do to treat the symptoms we experience? 

‍Over-the-counter medications like aspirin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen may help alleviate the symptoms we experience with mild migraines and headaches. 

But over-the-counter medications may not be enough for someone who experiences more moderate to severe migraines. Some medications treat symptoms and prevent future migraines from happening. Some of these medications include:

• Antidepressants
• Anti-seizure medications
• Blood pressure medications
• Botulinum toxin A (botox) injections

Making lifestyle changes could also help prevent different forms of migraines and headaches from occurring. 

Exercising regularly, getting better sleep, taking part in relaxing activities such as mediation, and even avoiding certain “trigger” foods may help people prevent the onset of migraines and headaches. 

Conclusion - National Migraine and Headache Awareness Month

Migraines and headaches are often brushed off as insignificant. But they can have a tremendous effect on someone's life. 

During Migraine and Headache Awareness Month it’s important to spread awareness around these common disorders.

And with over 37 million people in the United States suffering from migraines it’s important that we not only spread awareness but also educate ourselves on symptoms and the treatment options available.

If you’re looking to participate, make sure to spread the word, educate, or even take part in events in your community that work to acknowledge the struggles people who suffer from migraines and headaches may experience.

And make sure to share this with a friend or family member that you feel could benefit from what we’ve shared today!

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According to the CDC, arthritis is one of the most widespread conditions in the United States, affecting about 1 in 4 adults. 

In fact, it’s estimated it affects almost 59 million Americans. 

May is Arthritis Awareness Month, which is the perfect time to learn more and help spread the word.

Arthritis affects older adults, younger adults, and even children. In fact, approximately 300,000 children may have some type of arthritis. 

And while it’s a common condition, it can sometimes be misunderstood. 

In today’s article we’ll be sharing:

• What arthritis is and what causes it
• The different types of arthritis 
• Symptoms to look out for
• Different treatment options available

Keep reading to learn more!

What is arthritis? 

So, what is arthritis?

‍Arthritis is a condition that affects the joints. It usually causes degeneration and inflammation, leading to pain and discomfort.

Because of this, it can sometimes be difficult to stay active and move around. Even simple tasks like sitting, walking, or clenching your fists can become difficult and painful. 

And although it’s often thought of and referred to as a single condition, there are actually more than 100 types of arthritis and conditions related to it.

‍But, what are the distinctions between the many different types of arthritis?

Different forms cause different symptoms and each form might merit distinct approaches to treatment.

What causes arthritis?

To understand what causes arthritis we first need to understand how our joints work.

Soft tissues cushion and protect our joints, this prevents our bones from rubbing against one another. Connective tissue called articular cartilage works to help our joints move with ease and without pain or discomfort.

‍But not all our joints function the same way. 

Some of our joints have something called the synovial membrane, which is responsible for lubricating our joints. 

There are also tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach our muscles to our bones, ligaments attach our bones to one another, and both of them work to support certain joints such as our knees.

While there are many types of arthritis, and many ways they can affect our bodies, we’ll focus here on the most common.

The two most common types of arthritis are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Each affects  joints differently:

• Osteoarthritis - causes wear-and-tear damage to cartilage. Cartilage normally allows for slick movement of our joints, functioning as a protective shield on our bones, preventing bone-on-bone contact. Over time, with enough damage, cartilage will deteriorate to the point that our bones are making direct contact and rubbing against each other.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis - causes the body's immune system to attack the lining of the joint capsule (the synovial membrane). The synovial membrane then becomes swollen and inflamed. With time, this condition can destroy bone and cartilage within the joint.

Although osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are the most common forms of this condition, there is another form of arthritis that specifically affects children: 

• Childhood or juvenile arthritis - The most common form of childhood arthritis is juvenile idiopathic arthritis which is also referred to as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. This can cause permanent damage to joints making it difficult for children to go about their day-to-day activities and it could lead to disability. 

Symptoms and treatment options

It’s great to know the science around arthritis, but what are the symptoms?

Understanding and being aware of the symptoms of arthritis can help you better understand if you or your loved ones might be dealing with it.

This can help people get the treatment they need in a timely manner. 

Depending on the type of arthritis, symptoms can vary, but there are some common symptoms, including:

• Soreness
• Stiffness
• Redness
• Swelling
• A decreased range of motion 

If you’re concerned you or someone you know may have arthritis - contact a medical specialist, get a professional opinion, and learn about treatment options.

Treatment options vary depending on the type and severity of arthritis. 

Medications and physical therapy are common forms of treatment. And sometimes if initial treatment doesn’t help, a doctor may suggest surgery. But it depends on how severe the arthritis is and what impact it has on your life.

Some common medications prescribed for arthritis management include: 

• Steroids - Corticosteroid medications are often used to slow joint damage and reduce pain and inflammation. They’re sometimes injected directly into the joint or they’re given in the form of a pill. 
• Counterirritants - Creams and ointments that contain capsaicin or menthol are sometimes used to help with pain and inflammation. The idea is to rub the cream or ointment on the affected joints to help interfere with pain signals.
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) -  These medications are used to reduce inflammation and relieve pain. Some common forms include ibuprofen and naproxen sodium. There are even anti-inflammatory topical medications now available.
• Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) - these drugs are used to slow the progression of rheumatoid arthritis, in an attempt to protect the joints and other tissues from permanent damage.

‍Physical therapy and exercise can also help. 

Exercising can help strengthen muscles and improve overall range of motion. And physical therapy could help improve mobility and increase strength to support our joints.

For some though, medication and physical therapy may not be enough. In such cases, doctors may suggest surgery, depending on how serious the condition is.

Some forms of surgery include: 

• Joint fusion - this is a more common procedure for smaller joints. It involves the removal of the ends of two bones in the joint. The ends are then locked together until they heal into a single fixed unit.
• Joint repair  - performed through small incisions made over the joints, this surgery involves smoothing out the surfaces of joints to improve function and reduce pain.
• Joint replacement -  the damaged joint is removed completely and then replaced with a manufactured one. ‍

Conclusion - Arthritis awareness month

Arthritis is a common condition that affects many Americans. Although it’s most common in older adults, it can be present in children and young adults as well.

With the variety of different forms out there, it’s important to be aware of the symptoms of arthritis. In doing so, you can help catch this condition before it gets too serious.

There are many treatment options available that can help with the pain, discomfort, and inflammation that arthritis causes.

Be sure to share this article with a friend or family member who you think could really benefit from learning more about arthritis.

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Kidney disease affects roughly 15% of the adult population in the United States - that’s around 37 million people. But unlike other conditions, kidney disease is largely unrecognized.

That’s why during National Kidney Month, we look to shed light on kidney disease and educate ourselves about the importance of kidney health.

Kidney disease is a leading cause of death in America. This makes education and awareness of kidney disease crucial for our health and the health of future generations. 

What do kidneys do?

The human body is made up of several organs that all play a role in the healthy function of our body.

As one of these organs, our kidneys work to remove extra fluid and waste from our bodies. They also remove acid, and they work to maintain a healthy balance of minerals, salts, and water.

They even make hormones that:

• Help make red blood cells
• Control blood pressure
• Keep bones healthy and strong

But, how do they work?

Most simply, the kidneys act as a filter.

They’re made up of a million tiny units called nephrons. 

Each nephron contains a filter called the glomerulus and a tubule. 

While the glomerulus filters your blood, the tubule returns needed substances into your blood and removes the waste, sending it to the bladder to be removed from the body through urine.

Risk factors and symptoms of kidney disease

Understanding risk factors, as well as symptoms, can help with the early detection of kidney disease.

This can help prevent kidney disease from developing more and leading to kidney failure. 

High blood pressure and diabetes are the leading causes of kidney disease. In 76% of cases of kidney failure between 2015-2017, both hypertension and diabetes were the primary diagnoses.

There are other health factors and lifestyle choices that can also increase your risk for kidney disease. Some of which include: 

• Obesity
• Smoking
• Older age
• Cardiovascular disease
• Abnormal kidney structure
• Family history of kidney disease
• Regular use of medication that can cause damage to the kidneys

Because our kidneys play such an integral role in the functions of our body - kidney disease can lead to many complications. 

Some of these include fluid retention, the rise of potassium levels in your blood, and even a decreased immune response. 

You can find a more extensive list of complications from kidney disease from the Mayo Clinic here.

Symptoms of kidney disease might include:

• Poor appetite 
• Poor sleeping
• Dry and itchy skin
• Difficulty concentrating
• Swollen ankles and feet
• Drowsiness and lethargy
• Muscle cramping at night
• The need to urinate more often than usual
• Puffiness around your eyes (in the morning especially) 

If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms or suspect you might have kidney disease, talk with your medical provider as soon as possible.

How you can help keep your kidneys healthy

We’ve talked about the importance of your kidneys and what they do as well as risk factors and symptoms you should look out for.

But, what can you do to keep them healthier? 

Hydrate - water assists your kidneys in removing waste from your blood. It also helps keep your blood vessels open so blood can flow freely with essential nutrients for your kidneys. 

Quit smoking - blood flow is slowed down by smoking - this results in a decrease in blood flow to organs like your kidneys. It can also cause higher blood pressure.

Regular exercise - exercising regularly can help you stay at a healthy weight. This prevents obesity, and exercising can improve your blood pressure and insulin resistance. All these factors can help prevent chronic kidney disease.

Eat a healthy diet - eating a well-balanced diet can lower your risk for kidney disease. Focus on foods that are healthy for your heart and body. Try to eat vegetables, fresh fruits, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat dairy products. Cutting back on salt and added sugars can also help.

Avoid over-the-counter medications - taking certain over-the-counter medications for long periods of time can increase your risk for kidney disease. Be sure to talk to your care team about any medications you take regularly.

Be cautious with herbal remedies and supplements - too much of certain herbal remedies or vitamins could be harmful to your kidneys. It’s best practice to consult with your medical provider before you decide to start any new supplements.

National Kidney Month - Conclusion

Our kidneys play a vital role in the healthy function of our body. Acting as a filter and working to remove waste and acid from our body while also working to maintain healthy levels of minerals, salts, and water.

Like with most conditions, early diagnosis of kidney disease leads to better outcomes. That’s why it’s important to be aware of the risk factors and symptoms of kidney disease.

If you’re concerned - talk to your medical provider about kidney disease or any of the factors that might cause it.

And spread the word. Share this article with a loved one, and speak up to your friends about the importance of National Kidney Month!

American Heart Month brings awareness to heart disease and serves as a reminder of the importance of a healthy heart.

We all feel the hard work it does when we engage in physical exercise. And, behind the scenes, it's doing all sorts of work to help our body function.

Our heart pumps blood throughout our body and helps to control our heart rate and maintain our blood pressure. 

It’s a vital part of our body’s functions. In saying that, heart disease continues to be the leading cause of death in Americans. 

Did you know 1 in 4 deaths every year in the United States is linked to heart disease? 

The most common amongst them is coronary heart disease. In 2018 it was the cause of 42.1% of deaths related to heart disease in the US. 

While you may be aware of the importance of your heart and how it contributes to your body, you may not be aware of the different forms of heart disease, who is most at risk, and how we can build a healthier heart. 

We’ll be answering all these questions! Keep reading to learn more.

Types of Heart Disease

Heart disease is any condition that affects the function or structure of our heart. There are several different forms of heart disease that can develop for various reasons.

Some of them include:

Heart failure - this happens when the heart muscle can't pump blood as efficiently

Structural heart disease - abnormalities in the structure of the heart that can be present at birth or develop later in life

Coronary artery disease - caused by the build-up of plaque that narrows or blocks blood flow through the arteries 

Heart rhythm disorders (arrhythmias) - there are different types of heart rhythm disorders. But, they all cause irregular heartbeats

These are just a few forms of heart disease - there are many others. You can see a more extensive list provided by Mayo Clinic here.

Who is most at risk?

There are many factors that can affect your risk for heart disease including:

• Age
• Lifestyle
• Family history
• Health conditions

Some of these factors we have no control over - such as age and family history. 

And, our health conditions can vary. Some are controllable and others aren't. 

Here are some common health conditions that can increase our risk of heart disease: 

Unhealthy blood cholesterol levels - our liver produces enough cholesterol for what our body needs, but we also get cholesterol from the foods that we eat. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol - also known as “bad” cholesterol can cause plaque buildup in our arteries.  

Obesity - higher “bad” (LDL) cholesterol levels and lower “good” (HDL) cholesterol levels are both linked to excess body fat. Obesity can result in diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease.

High blood pressure - this happens when the pressure of your blood in your blood vessels and arteries is higher than normal. 

Diabetes - when you have diabetes, your body can't make enough insulin or it can’t use the insulin you already have effectively - sometimes it can’t do either well. Insulin helps move sugar (glucose) from the food you eat to your body's cells. When you have diabetes, it can cause sugar to build up in the blood - creating a higher risk for heart disease.

Our lifestyle also contributes to our risk level for heart disease. 

Tobacco, alcohol, stress levels, physical inactivity, and our diet can all affect our risk. 

But, our lifestyle choices are something we do have control over. You might not be able to reverse your aging, change your family tree, or even cure a certain health condition. 

But most of us are capable of exercising a little more and changing up our diet. 

Tips For A Healthy Heart

Just as you can go to the gym and eat nutritiously to grow your muscles and be healthier, there are also things you can do to help make your heart healthy and strong.

Many of these tips will improve your overall health, but they can also have an impact on your cholesterol, blood pressure, and body weight. In return, creating a healthier heart.

Diet - a healthy diet is crucial in developing a healthier heart. Do your best to stay away from fast foods, trans fat, refined carbohydrates, sugary drinks, and beverages. And, try to stick to a diet that includes lots of fruit, vegetables, nuts, whole grains, poultry, and fish.

Physical exercise - getting any form of physical exercise will do lots of good for your heart. It reduces stress, inflammation, and blood pressure. It also helps strengthen muscles which improves their ability to draw oxygen from your blood. Exercise is also a key component in maintaining a healthy body weight.

Manage stress - stress can contribute to high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. You can manage stress through exercise, breathing exercises, yoga, meditation, or even journaling. The important thing is to find something you enjoy and stick to it.

Quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke - smoking damages your heart and your blood vessels. Quitting can reduce your risk for heart disease even in as little as a year.

Drink alcohol in moderation - Heavy drinking causes conditions that can lead to heart disease such as stroke, heart failure, and higher blood pressure.

Closing Thoughts - American Heart Month

It’s evident that heart disease is a serious problem affecting many Americans. 

Some people are more at risk than others, and there are factors that affect our heart health that we have little to no control over.

But, we do have control over a few things.

American Heart Month is about bringing awareness to the seriousness of heart disease. And, bringing the focus to things that we can control such as our lifestyle and choices. 

So, why not start today? Start going for those daily walks or visits to the gym. Or you could even start meditating and eating a cleaner diet.

It’s all up to you!

Make sure you talk to your doctor if you’re concerned about your heart health or any of the factors that can affect it. 

And, make sure to spread awareness and educate your loved ones and friends! Bring it up in conversation or you can even share this article.

Heart Health on Evidation

Interested in learning more about your heart health? Or keeping track of symptoms related to heart health? 

Heart Health on Evidation is open to heart aware individuals who may be at risk for more serious conditions. 

If you’re an eligible Evidation Member, you may have seen the offer already. If not, and you think you may be eligible, be sure to complete your health survey and contact us if you have any questions.

If you’re not an Evidation Member, sign up today!

January is Thyroid Awareness Month.

Like other awareness months, the goal of thyroid awareness month is to bring attention to the importance of thyroid health, encourage early diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disease, and to help raise awareness for those living with thyroid conditions. 

And while most of us have some knowledge of what the thyroid gland is, many are unaware of just how big a role it plays in all our bodies’ systems.

What is the thyroid?

The thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped gland in the middle of your neck above the collarbone and in front of your windpipe. 

Part of the endocrine system, this tiny hormone-producing gland regulates so many important functions. Metabolism, heart rate, breathing, body temperature, muscle strength, body weight, and cholesterol levels are all regulated by the thyroid. 

In fact, according to the American Thyroid Association, 

“Although the thyroid gland is relatively small, it produces a hormone that influences every cell, tissue and organ in the body.”

So it’s important to keep it functioning healthy. Luckily, there are many options for those living with thyroid conditions.

Types of thyroid disease

Thyroid disease refers to any condition that affects how the thyroid functions. There are several types of thyroid disease including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancers, and autoimmune thyroid conditions. 

Hypothyroidism

Most common in women over 60, hypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid, occurs when the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Common symptoms include weight gain, fatigue, constipation, hair loss, sensitivity to cold, and dry skin. 

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid, occurs when the thyroid produces too much thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Common symptoms include weight loss, irregular heartbeat, muscle weakness, sensitivity to heat, and anxiety.

Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders

Autoimmune thyroid disorders are organ-specific autoimmune disorders that primarily affect the thyroid. They include Grave’s disease, Hashimoto’s disease, postpartum thyroiditis, and atrophic autoimmune hypothyroidism. 

Grave’s disease - also called diffuse toxic goiter, results in an uncontrolled production of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) resulting in hyperthyroidism. 

Hashimoto’s disease - also called Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis) is characterized by a loss of thyroid cells which eventually leads to hypothyroidism. 

Postpartum thyroiditis - is a temporary condition that can occur shortly after a woman has given birth. It usually starts off with an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) followed by an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism). 

Atrophic autoimmune hypothyroidism - is a very rare form of hypothyroidism in which a certain type of antibody is present.

Thyroid Cancer

There are four types of thyroid cancer

• Papillary thyroid cancer
• Follicular thyroid cancer
• Medullary thyroid cancer
• Anaplastic thyroid cancer
  
  

Treatment options depend on the type of thyroid cancer.

For more information on thyroid cancer, check out the following resources.

American Cancer Society

American Thyroid Association

Mayo Clinic

What causes thyroid disease?

There’s still a lot that is unknown about the causes of thyroid disorders, but we do know that they tend to affect women more than men. 

In fact, women are five to eight times more likely to develop thyroid disease than men.

Some lifestyle factors or other medical conditions can increase your chance of developing a thyroid condition. For example, those with an autoimmune condition are more likely to develop another, including an autoimmune thyroid condition. 

Genetics play a role as well. 

According to the Cleveland Clinic:

“You may be at a higher risk of developing a thyroid disease if you:

• Have a family history of thyroid disease
• Have a medical condition (these can include pernicious anemia, type 1 diabetes, primary adrenal insufficiency, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome and Turner syndrome)
• Take a medication that’s high in iodine (amiodarone)
• Are older than 60, especially in women
• Have had treatment for a past thyroid condition or cancer (thyroidectomy or radiation)”

Diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disease

Diagnosing a thyroid disorder can be tricky because symptoms are often confused with other conditions. That’s why it’s important to see your provider regularly and follow their advice for routine exams, blood work, and imaging. 

You should also talk to your provider about any symptoms that concern you.

Luckily there are common tests that can be used to determine if your symptoms are caused by a thyroid disorder. They include:

• Physical examination
• Blood tests
• Imaging tests (like ultrasound)

Thyroid awareness

According to the American Thyroid Association, around 20 million Americans have some form of thyroid disease, and 60 percent of those living with a thyroid condition are unaware of it. 

And since undiagnosed thyroid disease can put you at risk of serious medical conditions like cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and infertility, raising awareness is critical.

So talk to your doctor about thyroid health, check your thyroid at home, and share this information with others. You can share this article, post to your social media channels, or talk to your friends and family about thyroid health.