Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) cause 17 million deaths globally every year, making it the leading cause of death around the world. 

The cardiovascular system—which includes your heart and blood vessels—distributes oxygen through the body and removes waste. Every cell in the body depends on this process to run smoothly. 

Your cardiovascular system plays a key role in your overall health and longevity. In today’s article, we’ll share three tips to improve your cardiovascular health. 

Definition of cardiovascular health

Your cardiovascular health refers to the health of your heart and blood vessels, according to the National Association of Chronic Disease Directors.

Many people experience cardiovascular health issues at some point during their lives. The heart and blood vessels are complicated, and it’s easy for small issues to grow into something larger and more concerning over time. Some people are more genetically prone to heart issues, while others develop heart problems due to environmental and lifestyle factors. Often, it’s a combination of genetics and lifestyle that lead to cardiovascular health problems. 

Lifestyle issues that can contribute to cardiovascular problems include: 

• Smoking
• Chronic stress
• Sedentary lifestyle
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Diabetes

When people are aware that they’re living with conditions that make them more likely to develop cardiovascular issues, they’re able to take steps toward improving their heart health, often avoiding invasive procedures. It’s important that you work closely with your doctor to manage your health to avoid heart damage.

While all cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) involve the heart and/or blood vessels, there are several different types of CVDs, including: 

• Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: Issues involving blood clots that develop in the legs, which later may dislodge and move to the heart and/or the lungs. 
• Congenital heart disease: A birth defect that affects the way the heart functions. People with congenital heart defects may be asymptomatic, or may require surgery to repair structural heart issues. 
• Coronary heart disease: A common type of heart disease that affects the blood vessels that direct blood to the heart. 
• Peripheral arterial disease: A type of heart disease that affects blood vessels that supply blood to the arms and legs. 
• Cerebrovascular disease: A type of heart disease that affects the blood vessels that supply blood to the brain. 
• Rheumatic heart disease: Damage caused to the heart by rheumatic fever/streptococcal bacteria.

Some people who are at risk for cardiovascular issues never develop a problem, while others who are at low risk experience cardiovascular issues. Healthy lifestyle choices, including getting regular exercise, eating a healthy diet, and tracking your health data, can go a long way in helping you ward off a cardiac event. 

Now, let’s take a look at steps that you can take to boost your cardiovascular health. 

How to improve cardiovascular health

If you’ve recently learned that you’re at risk for the development of cardiovascular disease, it’s important to take the steps necessary to boost the health of your heart. While it can be scary to get the news that your health is at risk, understanding and following through with lifestyle changes can go a long way in restoring your heart’s health, boosting your energy, and helping you rest assured that you’re doing all you can to help you live a longer, healthier life.

Diet, exercise, and lowering stress levels can all help your heart stay healthy. You’ll also want to consider staying away from substances that can cause heart damage, including alcohol and tobacco. Here, we’ll take a closer look into how certain lifestyle changes can help your heart stay strong.

Diet: foods for a healthy heart

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‍Why is diet important?

If you’re researching how to improve cardiovascular health, you likely already know the importance of choosing foods for a healthy heart. Cutting out processed and fried foods can be a great choice to help your heart get strong, but eating foods for a healthy heart isn’t just about what you have to give up–it’s also about finding new favorites. Here, we’ll take a look at both what you’ll want to cut down on in your diet to boost the health of your heart, as well as delicious new favorites you’ll want to add as you work to get healthy. 

Certain nutrients, foods, and minerals can affect how well the cardiovascular system functions. While the tips below are a good fit for most people who’re working to improve their cardiovascular health, it’s important that you talk with your doctor before making changes to your diet, especially if you’ve been informed that you’re experiencing cardiovascular disease. Your doctor will be able to work with you and monitor your progress to discover what type of nutrition plan is the best fit for your heart health needs. 

Excess sodium can cause high blood pressure, which can lead to heart disease. One study showed that eating a diet high in sodium may cause water retention—straining the heart as it works harder to move extra fluid through the body. It’s recommended most adults limit their intake to 1,500 mg of sodium a day. 

Consuming too many unhealthy fats (saturated and trans fats) can cause high cholesterol, which increases the chance of coronary artery disease. When cholesterol is too high, plaque can build up in the arteries—putting you at higher risk for heart attack and stroke. 

Try avoiding too many unhealthy fats like fatty meats, dairy, and fried foods. Instead, do your best to eat good fats like olive oil, avocados, nuts, and seeds.

So what foods and nutrients support cardiovascular health?

High-fiber diets have many benefits, like:

• Controlling blood sugar levels
• Reducing your risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) 
• Maintaining and achieving a healthy weight
• Lowering total blood cholesterol levels by lowering “bad” cholesterol levels.

Whole grains—or grains that haven’t been refined to remove their bran and germ—are a good source of fiber and other nutrients that help regulate blood pressure and boost heart health. Foods like oatmeal, whole-wheat bread, and whole-grain pasta are great options. Or choose whole grains like barley, quinoa, buckwheat, and brown rice instead of refined grains like white rice or things made with white flour.

Vegetables and fruits are both low in calories and rich in fiber—and have other nutrients that may help prevent CVD. Load up on red, yellow, and orange produce like carrots, red peppers, and tomatoes; they contain carotenoids and vitamins that can nourish heart health. Berries are full of heart-healthy phytonutrients—try throwing some in a smoothie or your morning oatmeal. 

Exercise for heart health

Your heart is a muscle just like your biceps and calves—exercise can strengthen it. If it’s been awhile since you last hit the gym, got out for a walk, or sit down to do some stretching at the end of the day, don’t worry–there’s no need to train for a marathon to boost the health of your heart (unless that’s your thing). Simply getting active a few times a week can work wonders to help get your heart health back on track, one workout at a time. No matter what your limitations, there are movement strategies you can use to begin the process of strengthening your body–and your heart.

The benefits of exercise include:

• Lower blood pressure. Exercising can help lower blood pressure and slow your resting heart rate.
• Reduced inflammation. As bodily systems are activated through exercise, the body adapts and reduces chronic inflammation. 
• Healthy weight. Being overweight can put stress on the heart and cause buildup in arteries, increasing the risk for heart disease and stroke. Exercise, when paired with a healthy diet, can help to maintain a healthy weight.
• Strengthened muscles and bodily systems. A combination of aerobic exercise and strength training is recommended to improve your muscles' ability to draw oxygen from the blood. This reduces the need for your heart to work harder to pump more blood to muscles.
• Reduced stress hormones. Exercise reduces stress hormones, which put a burden on the heart. Many studies also suggest that people who exercise consistently are less likely to suffer from a sudden heart attack. 

If you’re looking to exercise more, a combination of aerobic exercise and resistance training has been shown to be best for heart health.

‍Aerobic exercise, also fittingly called “cardio,” relies on breathing to fuel the activation of large muscle groups for a sustained period of time. Aerobic literally means “with oxygen.” It improves circulation to lower blood pressure and heart rate. It can also help your heart pump stronger. Ideally, for healthy individuals, a routine of 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week is best. But beginners should take their time and work their way up. If you are managing health conditions or haven’t exercised in a while, be sure to talk to your healthcare provider about what exercise program is right for you. Aerobic exercises include:

• Cycling / arm cycling
• Running
• Jump rope
• Swimming
• Brisk walking

‍Resistance training, also known as strength training, has a more direct effect on body composition. Resistance training grows and strengthens muscle mass while reducing body fat. One study found that one hour per week of resistance training also reduced a specific type of fat around the heart, potentially reducing risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Some examples of resistance training include: 

• Weight machines
• Resistance bands
• Free weight workouts (dumbbells and barbells)
• Body weight exercises (pushups, chin-ups, squats)

Exercise is a powerful practice to support cardiovascular health—especially in combination with a healthy diet. If possible, make a plan to get moving this week.

If you struggle to stay on track when it comes to exercise, you aren’t alone. Teaming up with a friend or family member who’s also working to improve their habits can be a great way to stay the course when motivation wanes. Setting a regular time to walk or do other exercise that allows you to still have a conversation with a friend or a group can help you stay on track, even on days when you’d rather hit the couch than lace up your sneakers.

Healthy habits for heart

Habits can also play a big role in the health of your heart. 

Sticking to habit changes can be tough, and it’s important that you set achievable goals to help you stay motivated as you work to make small changes that will impact your life in a big way. 

‍Higher stress levels may cause higher blood pressure—amplifying your risk of heart attack and stroke. 

To reduce stress, find time for hobbies that help you relax. Practices like meditation can also help reduce stress. Or try reaching out to a loved one to talk and catch up.

Don’t skip out on regular checkups. Finding potential health issues early can help you get the right treatment quickly and avoid any unnecessary complications. 

‍What are habits to avoid?

‍Alcohol and smoking can lead to poor heart health. 

According to the CDC, smoking causes around 1 in 4 deaths from CVD. Chemicals found in tobacco smoke cause cells that line blood vessels to become swollen and inflamed. This narrows the blood vessels—leading to cardiovascular conditions.

Excessive drinking can lead to heart failure, high blood pressure, or stroke. It can also contribute to cardiomyopathy—a disorder that affects the heart muscle. Alcohol is high in calories too. Excessive drinking can lead to weight gain and becoming overweight, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Maintaining and improving cardiovascular health starts with your lifestyle. If you can eat better, exercise regularly, and avoid bad habits you may begin to build a more robust cardiovascular system. Adopting a new lifestyle can be challenging, but making small changes on a daily basis can help you establish healthy habits to improve your overall health and well-being. By taking things one day at a time, you can gradually build a foundation of healthy behaviors that will benefit you in the long run.

If you learned anything new, share this with a friend or family member who could benefit from learning about these tips for better cardiovascular health.

Evidation: Helping you take control of your health

At Evidation, we’re here to work with you to help you make the most of your health data. When you keep track of your health data trends, you’re able to spot what’s working well–and what needs improvement. This means you’re able to get in front of problems before they start. If you’re ready to take strides forward in your health, we’re excited to get to know you. Download the Evidation app today.

As every migraine sufferer knows, migraines aren't just headaches. Migraines cause debilitating pain that can make it impossible to get through the day--much less be productive.

June is National Migraine and Headache Awareness Month. At Evidation, we know many people in our community deal with migraines and headaches, and we're working to provide you with the information you need to come out on the other side following a migraine.

What causes migraines?

Many migraine sufferers work to pinpoint their triggers to avoid a future migraine. Unfortunately, researchers still aren't completely sure what causes migraines to occur. There’s likely a combination of factors at work, including changes in blood vessels, nerves, and chemicals.

While the exact cause of migraines has yet to be determined, many people find that certain health and life circumstances make migraines more likely to occur.

Common migraine triggers include:

• Hormonal changes throughout the menstrual cycle (people who menstruate are three times more likely to experience migraines)
• Stress (both chronic and acute)
• Fatigue
• Certain foods and drinks, including caffeine, alcohol, and chocolate

Knowing your triggers can help you and your doctor develop a plan to stop migraines in the future. Many people who live with migraines find it helpful to keep a journal regarding their symptoms. This can help you and your healthcare professional to work together to find patterns, allowing you to develop a plan that makes it less likely that you'll experience migraines in the future.

What does a migraine feel like?

For many people, a migraine involves severe headache pain. It's often only felt on one side of the head. When people are experiencing a migraine, they might be extremely sensitive to light and sound and may experience gastrointestinal symptoms (such as vomiting) due to headache pain. Some people experiencing a migraine find it difficult to fully open their eyes due to light changes (similar to the feeling many experiences following eye dilation at an eye appointment).

There are three types of migraines, and the type of migraine you experience can determine your symptoms. Some people only ever experience one type of migraine, while other people find that their migraines change over time.

The three most common types of migraines include:

• Migraine with aura: In this type of migraine, warning signs are experienced before the pain sets in. Many people experience an aura, which can include the appearance of flashing lights, blind spots in the vision, patterns in the vision (such as dots or repeating black marks, and tunnel vision).
• Migraine without aura: This type of migraine only involves severe pain without the warning signs associated with aura.
• Silent migraine: Only the aura portion is experienced in a silent migraine, and head pain does not occur.

Migraines are different from person to person. Suppose your symptoms are more severe than normal, or you're experiencing new and concerning symptoms (such as paralysis, weakness, slurred speech, a level of pain you haven't experienced before, fever, double vision, confusion, seizures, or a rash). In that case, it's important to go to the emergency room for help, as these symptoms can be signs of a more serious condition.

How long can a migraine last?

The exact length of a migraine can depend on several factors. Some people find that their migraines always fade within a certain time, while others experience more variability. Typically, a migraine lasts between four hours and three days.

The frequency of your migraines is important to mention to your healthcare provider. If you experience more than a few days of migraines per month, you may be a candidate for medicine that can stop migraines from occurring in the first place.

Migraine treatments

Are you searching for information on how to relieve a migraine? Unfortunately, there's no cure for migraines--yet. Researchers are working to determine the exact cause of migraines, so they can develop treatments to help people suffering.

Thankfully, some medicines can treat the symptoms of migraines, allowing you to get back on your feet faster following an attack.

Many people find that painkillers are helpful when experiencing a migraine. Taking medicine like Tylenol or Advil as soon as you notice the first symptoms of a migraine (such as an aura before the pain sets in) can help minimize symptoms, even if you can't eliminate them. If you find that you're experiencing regular migraine attacks that leave you reaching for the medicine cabinet, be sure to talk with your doctor, as they may be able to provide you with different, more effective pain management options.

Triptans (such as Imitrex, Zomig, Amerge, and Maxalt) are prescription medicines that can help with brain changes thought to occur before a migraine. You may find that these medicines help to stop your migraine faster than painkillers alone.

If you deal with nausea when you have a migraine, your doctor may prescribe you anti-nausea medications to help you get the rest you need to get through a migraine attack.

In addition to pharmaceutical treatments, there are some at-home remedies that many people find helpful for alleviating migraine symptoms. Lying down in a quiet, dark room with a cool cloth on your head may help with symptoms. Some people also find that stress reduction techniques (like deep breathing) can help to alleviate migraine symptoms.

Make a difference: Participate in migraine research with Evidation

At Evidation, we're proud to be the link between our community and the betterment of healthcare. When you agree to participate in research, you're making a difference in medical care and treatment development. Join our community today to play a part in advancing the future of healthcare.

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March is Endometriosis Awareness Month, a time to raise awareness about this common yet often misunderstood condition. Endometriosis is a common condition, affecting more than 5 million people in the US, and yet it often takes years to receive a proper diagnosis and treatment.

What is endometriosis?

Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterus, causing pain and inflammation. This tissue can grow on organs such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and bladder, and can cause painful periods, pain during sex, and chronic pelvic pain. In some cases, endometriosis can also lead to infertility.

Symptoms of endometriosis

Endometriosis can cause a range of symptoms, which can vary in severity from person to person. Some individuals with endometriosis may experience no symptoms at all, while others may have debilitating pain. Some common symptoms of endometriosis include:

‍Painful periods: This is one of the most common symptoms of endometriosis. The pain may be severe and may last throughout the entire menstrual cycle.

‍Pain during sex: Pain during sex, or dyspareunia, is another common symptom of endometriosis. The pain may be deep and may last for several hours after sex.

‍Chronic pelvic pain: This is pain that lasts for six months or longer and is located in the pelvic region.

‍Painful bowel movements or urination: Endometriosis tissue can grow on the bladder or intestines, causing pain during bowel movements or urination.

‍Infertility: In some cases, endometriosis can lead to infertility. It’s estimated that up to 50% of individuals with endometriosis may experience infertility.

These symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, so it's important to speak with your healthcare provider to determine the underlying cause of your symptoms. If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, speak with your healthcare provider to discuss your options for diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosing endometriosis can be challenging, as the symptoms can be similar to those of other conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The gold standard for diagnosis is laparoscopic surgery, in which a small camera is inserted into the abdomen to look for endometrial tissue. However, there are also non-invasive imaging tests, such as ultrasounds or MRI, that can help identify endometriosis.

Treatment for endometriosis can vary depending on the severity of symptoms and the desire for future fertility. Treatment options may include pain medication, hormonal therapies, or surgery to remove endometrial tissue. In some cases, a combination of treatments may be necessary.

Risk Factors and Causes of Endometriosis

The exact cause of endometriosis is unknown, but there are several factors that may increase the risk of developing the condition. These include:

‍Hormones: Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent condition, meaning it’s influenced by levels of estrogen in the body. Higher levels of estrogen may increase the risk of developing endometriosis.

‍Genetics: Endometriosis may run in families, suggesting a genetic component to the condition.

‍Retrograde menstruation: This occurs when menstrual blood flows back through the fallopian tubes and into the pelvic cavity, where it can implant and grow outside of the uterus.

‍Immune system dysfunction: A weakened immune system may be less able to recognize and eliminate endometrial cells that have grown outside of the uterus.

Other potential risk factors for endometriosis include a low body mass index (BMI), early onset of menstruation, and frequent periods with a short menstrual cycle.

While there are several risk factors associated with endometriosis, it's important to note that anyone with a uterus can develop the condition, regardless of their risk factors. If you are experiencing symptoms of endometriosis, speak with your healthcare provider to discuss your options for diagnosis and treatment.

How Endometriosis Can Affect Quality of Life

Endometriosis can have a significant impact on a person's quality of life. The pain and other symptoms associated with endometriosis can interfere with daily activities, work, and relationships. Some of the common ways that endometriosis can affect a person's life include:

Pain: The pain associated with endometriosis can be severe and debilitating, making it difficult to engage in everyday activities and tasks.

‍Fatigue: Endometriosis can cause fatigue and exhaustion, making it difficult to complete daily tasks and activities.

‍Infertility: Endometriosis can sometimes lead to infertility, which can be emotionally challenging for those who want to have children and possibly impact a person's relationships and plans for the future.

‍Mental health: Inadequate and/or discriminatory treatment of chronic pain and other symptoms associated with endometriosis can lead to depression, anxiety, and other mental health conditions.

‍Work and school: These environments may not understand the accommodations needed to manage endometriosis, and managing endometriosis can make it difficult to attend work or school regularly, impacting a person's performance and potentially leading to missed opportunities. 

It's important for individuals with endometriosis to seek support and resources to manage the impact of the condition on their daily life. This can include medical treatments, therapy, support groups, and lifestyle changes. Speaking with a healthcare provider or mental health professional can be a helpful first step in managing the impact of endometriosis on daily life.

Support for Endometriosis

Living with endometriosis can be challenging, both physically and emotionally. It's important for individuals with endometriosis to have access to support and resources. Here are a few organizations that offer support for those living with endometriosis:

‍Endometriosis Association - this organization offers support groups, educational resources, and advocacy for those with endometriosis.

‍EndoFound - EndoFound provides support and resources for individuals with endometriosis, as well as funding for research to improve diagnosis and treatment.

‍EndoBlack - EndoBlack is an organization dedicated to supporting and advocating for Black people with endometriosis. They provide resources, support, and community for Black individuals who are living with endometriosis, and they work to raise awareness about the unique challenges and experiences that Black people face in accessing care and treatment.

‍The Black Women's Health Imperative - The Black Women's Health Imperative is a nonprofit organization focused on advancing health equity for Black women. They provide resources and information on a range of health issues, including endometriosis.

‍The National Latina Institute for Reproductive Justice - The National Latina Institute for Reproductive Justice is a national organization that focuses on reproductive health and justice for Latinas. They provide resources and information on a range of reproductive health issues, including endometriosis.

‍The Asian Pacific Islander American Health Forum - The Asian Pacific Islander American Health Forum is a national health justice organization focused on improving the health and well-being of Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders. They provide resources and information on a range of health issues, including endometriosis.

‍The Native American Women's Health Education Resource Center - The Native American Women's Health Education Resource Center is a nonprofit organization that provides resources and information on a range of health issues affecting Native American women, including endometriosis. They also offer a range of services, including educational materials, advocacy, and support groups.

Disparities in Diagnosis and Care

Studies have shown that individuals of color, particularly Black individuals, face disparities in the diagnosis and care of endometriosis. 

Black individuals with endometriosis are more likely to experience pain and have a longer time to diagnosis compared to white individuals with endometriosis. They are less likely to receive minimally invasive surgery and more likely to undergo hysterectomy. 

Additionally, Black individuals with endometriosis are more likely to have a delayed diagnosis and be misdiagnosed with other conditions such as fibroids or pelvic inflammatory disease. These disparities may be due to a lack of awareness among healthcare providers, bias, discrimination, and systemic racism within the healthcare system.

These statistics highlight the disparities in diagnosis and care for endometriosis in Black individuals, and underscore the need for increased awareness, advocacy, and access to quality care. It’s crucial to address these disparities and ensure that all individuals, regardless of race or ethnicity, receive the same level of care and support for endometriosis.

‍Here are some resources that address these disparities:

‍The Endometriosis Foundation of America - The EFA has a page on their website dedicated to addressing disparities in endometriosis care for individuals of color. They provide information on why these disparities exist and what can be done to address them.

‍Black Women's Health Imperative - The Black Women's Health Imperative is an organization dedicated to improving the health and wellness of Black individuals. They provide resources and advocacy for a range of health issues, including endometriosis.

‍The Endometriosis Coalition - The Endometriosis Coalition is an organization that provides support and education for individuals with endometriosis, as well as advocacy for better diagnosis and care. They have a focus on addressing disparities in care for individuals of color.

Conclusion

Endometriosis Awareness Month is an important opportunity to increase understanding of this painful and often debilitating condition.

It's important to raise awareness about endometriosis not only to promote early diagnosis and treatment, but also to advocate for better healthcare and support for those struggling with this condition. This includes addressing disparities in diagnosis and care for people of color, who may face additional barriers to accessing quality healthcare and accommodations to what can be a debilitating condition. It's also important to connect with supportive communities and organizations, which can provide valuable resources, education, and advocacy.

By raising awareness, advocating for better care, and connecting with supportive communities, we can work to improve the lives of those who are affected by endometriosis. We encourage everyone to take the time to learn about this condition, support those who are affected by it, and take action to promote greater understanding and awareness.

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November is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) awareness month. COPD is an umbrella term describing progressive lung diseases like emphysema and chronic bronchitis. 

According to John Hopkins Medicine, “COPD affects more than 24 million Americans, yet many don’t even know they have it.” 

In today’s article, we’ll cover:

• What COPD is
• What causes it
• Symptoms and signs
• How it’s diagnosed 
• Treatment options

Read on to learn more about COPD and how to take part in COPD awareness month.

What is COPD?

‍COPD is a chronic lung disease caused by long-term exposure to irritants. These irritants can lead to scarring and narrowing of the airways, destruction of the alveoli, and excess mucus buildup—all of which make it difficult to breathe.  

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the most common conditions that lead to COPD.

• Emphysema occurs when alveoli—the air sacs in the lungs—become damaged. Over time, the air sacs can rupture, creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones. This reduces the surface area of the lungs and the amount of oxygen entering the bloodstream. 
• Chronic bronchitis is long-term inflammation of the bronchi. Bronchi are large air passages that send air from the windpipe (trachea) to the lungs. This inflammation causes excess mucus production, among other things.

What causes COPD?

Smoking is the leading cause of COPD in developed countries. 

Worldwide, indoor air pollution—due to smoke from cooking and heating in poorly ventilated homes—causes the majority of COPD cases, particularly in developing nations. 

While cigarette smoking is the major cause of COPD in the US, physicians have discovered that some people are at higher risk for COPD because they never developed completely “healthy lungs.” 

‍Why do some people not develop healthy lungs? 

Exposure to second-hand smoke or air pollution as a child or before birth can impair lung growth. Respiratory infections in childhood may also impact lung development. 

This means that those exposed to irritants during their early development can be more susceptible to the toxic effects of tobacco smoke and COPD.

Symptoms

‍What are common symptoms associated with COPD?

Symptoms of COPD are often missed until significant lung damage has occurred. Early on in the course of the disease, people may feel out of breath during exercise and chalk it up to being out of shape. Symptoms often worsen over time, especially with continued exposure to smoke or other irritants. 

Symptoms of COPD may include: 

• Wheezing
• Lack of energy
• Chest tightness
• Swelling in feet, legs, or ankles
• Recurring respiratory infections 
• Unintended weight loss in later stages
• Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity
• Chronic coughing that may produce mucus (sputum) that’s clear, white, yellow, or greenish

After developing COPD, exposure to smoke, allergies, or illness can lead to episodes called exacerbations. During an exacerbation, symptoms become worse, even life threatening, and may continue for several days or weeks.  

How is COPD diagnosed? 

Many individuals aren’t properly diagnosed until the condition is fairly advanced.

To diagnose COPD, a doctor will look for the usual signs and symptoms. They’ll also ask about medical and family history and any past exposure to lung irritants. 

Afterward, there are several tests a doctor may order to diagnose the condition. Tests may include:

• CT scans to help detect emphysema and assist in determining if a patient could benefit from surgery.
• Chest X-rays to identify emphysema and rule out heart failure and other potential lung problems.
• Laboratory tests may be used to determine the cause of symptoms and rule out any other possible conditions.
• Arterial blood gas analysis, a blood test, to measure how well the lungs bring oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide. 
• Lung (pulmonary) function tests to measure the amount of air inhaled and exhaled and whether the lungs are delivering enough oxygen to the blood. During a spirometry test (the most common pulmonary function test), a person blows into a tube connected to a machine. The machine then measures how much air the lungs can hold, and how fast the person can blow out air from their lungs.

Treatment options 

Those with mild forms of COPD may need little intervention other than quitting smoking and avoiding air pollutants.

‍In more advanced stages, treatment can help:‍

• Control symptoms
• Slow disease progression 
• Improve the ability to live an active life
• Reduce the risk of complications and exacerbations 

If you’re a smoker, the most important step is to quit smoking to help avoid making the condition worse.

Your doctor can suggest the right interventions and medications, and help you learn how to handle relapses. Treatments include:

• Medications: Bronchodilators and oral steroids are the most common medications. Bronchodilators help relax the muscles around the airways, which can make breathing easier by relieving coughing and shortness of breath. When COPD becomes more severe (during exacerbations), oral corticosteroids can be used to reduce inflammation and prevent worsening symptoms. 
• Lung therapies: People with moderate to severe COPD may receive oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation programs (PRP). Oxygen therapy can help boost oxygen levels in the blood. Some people need oxygen therapy devices all day, while others use them only during activities or sleep. PRPs combine counseling, nutrition advice, and exercise training in an effort to reduce visits to the hospital, increase the ability to do daily activities, and improve quality of life. 
• Surgery: When medications don’t provide relief, people may receive a lung volume reduction surgery, where small wedges of damaged tissue in the upper lungs are removed. For some people, this surgery can improve their quality of life and prolong survival. A complete lung transplant may be possible for people who meet certain criteria. A lung transplant can help people breathe and be active. However, it’s a major operation, and has many risks involved, including lifelong side effects of immune-suppressing medications. 

How to take part during national COPD awareness month

COPD is responsible for the loss of over 150,000 people each year in the United States. Despite this, COPD is ranked 176th for research funding. 

Here are three ways you can take part to help with COPD awareness: ‍

• Educate yourself about COPD, what causes it, the symptoms and signs, and how it’s treated.
• Tell people you know about what you’ve learned to spread awareness.
• Share articles like this one on social media so others can learn about the risks and causes of COPD.

More than 8 million people in the US have psoriasis.

August is Psoriasis Awareness Month - the perfect time to emphasize the importance of educating, spreading awareness, and working toward a shared goal of finding a cure for this common condition.

‍What exactly is psoriasis? 

‍What sort of symptoms are common with this condition?

‍How is someone diagnosed? 

‍And what are some of the treatment options available?

In today’s article, we’ll be breaking down everything you need to know about psoriasis, so you can educate, spread awareness, and most importantly, participate during this month of awareness. Keep reading to learn more!

What is psoriasis?

Psoriasis is a disease that affects the skin, creating itchy and scaly-like patches. It most commonly affects the knees, elbows, trunk, and scalp. 

It occurs when skin cells grow faster than usual. There’s no known reason for why this happens, but it’s presumed it’s caused by a problem with the immune system. The theory is that cells that fight off infections mistakenly begin to attack healthy skin cells.

Psoriasis is a long-term, fairly common condition. And at the moment, there’s no cure. 

‍But that’s one of the many reasons awareness is so important.

Psoriasis can be painful, making it hard to concentrate or even get a good night's rest. It's clear psoriasis has a physical impact on our health, but it can also affect us emotionally. It can cause an increased risk of anxiety and depression. And people with psoriasis may also feel the need to cover their skin and altogether avoid social interactions during a flare-up. 

The disease can go through cycles. It can flare for a few weeks or months, and then subside. And certain things may trigger a psoriasis breakout such as cuts, infections, burns, and even certain medications.

Symptoms and diagnoses

Some common symptoms of psoriasis include:

• Itching
• Burning 
• Soreness
• Dry and cracked skin that may bleed
• Rashes that flare for a few weeks or months and then subside
• A variety of different colored rashes. On dark skin they may appear purple with scales of gray, while on light skin they can be pink or red with silver scaling
• A patchy rash that varies in how it looks from person to person, it can range from small spots of dandruff-like scaling to major cases that cover most of the body

These are just some of the general symptoms. There are many different forms of psoriasis, and because of this, the skin condition can vary in its signs and symptoms. 

Some different forms of psoriasis include: 

• Plaque psoriasis - this is the most common form of psoriasis. It causes raised skin patches that are dry and itchy. Usually appearing on the elbows, scalp, lower back, and knees. There can be an eruption of many, or just a few.
• Nail psoriasis - this skin condition solely affects the finger and toenails. Creating pitting, discolorations, and abnormal nail growth.
• Guttate psoriasis - young adults and children are primarily affected by this form of psoriasis. It’s identified by small drop-shaped scaling spots on the legs, arms, or trunk. And it’s usually triggered by some form of bacteria such as strep throat.
• Inverse psoriasis - mainly affecting the skin of the buttocks, groin, and breasts. This form of skin disease causes smooth formations of inflamed skin that can worsen from sweat or friction. Fungal infections may be a trigger.  
• Pustular psoriasis - this is a rarer type of psoriasis. It causes pus-filled blisters and can occur in small patches or widespread formations. One form is found primarily on the palms of your hand or soles of your feet.
• Erythrodermic psoriasis - this is the least common form. It creates a peeling rash that can cover the entire body. It may itch or burn intensely, and those affected by it could experience it for short or long-term periods of time. 

Understanding the symptoms can help you take proper action to get a diagnosis. 

A health care provider will examine your skin, nails, and scalp and ask questions about your health in order to diagnose the issue. 

In some cases, they might take a small sample of skin for more examination under a microscope. Doing this can help rule out other disorders and determine the specific type of psoriasis someone might be experiencing. 

Treatment options

What are the treatment options available?

There are a variety of treatments for psoriasis. Some of which include:

• Light therapy 
• Topical therapy
• Alternative therapies
• Oral or injected medications

Some different forms of topical therapy include:

• Corticosteroids - this is used to treat mild to moderate psoriasis. These are the most commonly prescribed medications. 
• Vitamin D analogues - these synthetic forms of Vitamin D (calcitriol and calcipotriene) work to slow skin growth. They’re sometimes used alone, or with topical corticosteroids.
• Salicylic acid - Shampoos and scalp solutions with salicylic acid help reduce scalp psoriasis scaling. 

Forms of light therapy might include:

• Sunlight - exposure to sunlight might actually help psoriasis.
• UVB broadband - using controlled doses of UVB broadband light from an artificial light source can help treat single patches and widespread psoriasis. It can also help treat psoriasis that isn’t improving from topical solutions.
• Excimer laser - this form of light therapy uses a strong UVB light targeting only the affected skin. Because a more powerful UVB light is used, excimer lasers usually require fewer sessions than traditional phototherapy. 

Some oral and injected medications used to treat psoriasis could include steroids, biologics, retinoids, methotrexate, and more. 

‍Studies also suggest certain alternative medicines not practiced within the traditional forms of Western medicine may help alleviate symptoms of psoriasis. Some of these alternative therapies include Oregon grape, fish oil supplements, and aloe extract cream. 

We suggest consulting with a health care provider if you’re considering using alternative treatments for psoriasis.

Conclusion - How to take part in Psoriasis Awareness Month

‍How can you take part in Psoriasis Awareness Month?

For starters, educating yourself is a crucial step you can take. Building knowledge around the topic allows you to help others and spread awareness. 

You can help others during this time by sharing information about causes, treatment, symptoms, and even certain triggers.

And you can even get more involved by participating in events or donating to causes working toward finding a cure.

‍So what are you waiting for?

Be sure to share this article with your friends, colleagues, and family so you can do your part and help spread awareness around this very common condition.

Although arthritis is commonly associated with older aged people, a form of arthritis known as juvenile arthritis affects approximately 300,000 teenagers and kids in the United States.

That’s why it’s so important for us to observe Juvenile Arthritis Awareness Month every year.

During July, we look to not only observe, but also spread awareness and educate ourselves and those around us about this condition.

1 in 250 kids is affected by some form of juvenile arthritis.

‍So, what can we do to help?

‍What is juvenile arthritis and what causes it?

‍What are the symptoms we should look out for in our children? 

‍And how can you get the proper diagnoses and treatments?

We’ll be speaking on these matters and sharing how you can take part during this important month and make an impact on people's lives and communities. Keep reading to learn more.

What’s juvenile arthritis? What causes it?

Juvenile arthritis isn’t a singular disease. It’s an umbrella term used to describe rheumatic and inflammatory diseases that affect children under the age of 16.

‍Autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases make up most types of juvenile arthritis.

This means that the immune system, which normally fights against foreign bodies like germs and viruses, becomes confused and starts releasing inflammatory chemicals that attack healthy tissue and cells.

‍But how does this affect the body?

This results in joint pain, tenderness, swelling, and inflammation. 

But in some cases, none of these symptoms are visible on the joints. It sometimes only affects the internal organs and skin.

‍So, what causes juvenile arthritis? 

The verdict behind the cause of it is still up in the air. But several factors like our environment and certain genetics may lead to juvenile arthritis. 

This means it could get passed down through families or triggered by exposure to certain things.

Symptoms and diagnosis

‍What are common symptoms associated with juvenile arthritis?

People dealing with juvenile arthritis might experience:

• Pain - it’s common to feel a certain degree of pain in the joints or around them.
• Stiffness - as joints become painful they may also become stiff. 
• Swelling - when certain joints become inflamed it’s common to notice some swelling.
• High fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes - in rare cases, children who have juvenile arthritis may experience these symptoms.

‍Now, how is juvenile arthritis diagnosed?

There is no particular test to confirm the condition. But when a healthcare professional examines someone who may have juvenile arthritis, they look at their health history and they may do a physical examination.

They usually ask about symptoms the person is experiencing and any recent illnesses that may have occurred. In many cases, when inflammation symptoms have been present for 6 weeks or more, juvenile arthritis may be the cause.

There are different forms of tests that may also be performed. Common forms of testing include blood tests and imaging tests. 

‍Some blood tests include:‍

• Complement tests - these tests measure the level of complement in the bloodstream. Complement is a protein found in our bloodstream. Low levels are often linked to immune disorders.
• White blood cell count - higher levels of white blood cells may indicate an infection is prevalent. Lower levels may show a sign of some autoimmune diseases or even reactions to medications.
• Antinuclear antibody (ANA) and other antibody tests - these tests measure the levels of antibodies in the blood. The levels are often elevated in people who have autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

‍Imagery tests could include:‍

• MRI
• X-Rays
• CT scan
• Bone scan

Urine tests might also be performed. They’re used to find blood or protein in the urine which could indicate the kidneys aren’t working properly. 

Another form of testing for juvenile arthritis is joint aspiration. This test consists of taking synovial fluid (a thick liquid that lubricates the joints) from a joint and examining it to see if bacteria or viruses are present. Juvenile arthritis can be activated by certain viruses and bacteria.

Treatment options

Medications, lifestyle changes, and different forms of therapies are all used to treat juvenile arthritis.

Some medications that are commonly prescribed include:

• Corticosteroid medicines - these medications are often used to treat severe symptoms people may experience and to reduce inflammation
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) - NSAIDs are sometimes used to reduce inflammation and pain.
• Disease-modifying antirheumatic medicines (DMARDs) - these medications work to ease inflammation and control juvenile arthritis.

Medicines known as biologics are sometimes used if other forms of treatment aren’t working. These medicines work by interfering with the inflammatory response of the body.

Different forms of therapy are also used to improve certain aspects of life that juvenile arthritis might hinder. 

To improve and maintain joint and muscle function, some people do physical therapy. Occupational therapy might also be another solution to help people in their ability to perform regular daily activities.

Some lifestyle changes that may help include:‍

• Weight control
• Exercising regularly 
• Nutritional coaching 
• Getting enough rest

How to participate in Juvenile Arthritis Awareness Month

What can you do to help your community and those affected by this condition? 

One way we can participate is by educating ourselves and spreading awareness around Juvenile Arthritis Awareness Month. 

Educating ourselves gives us the chance at having a better understanding of the condition and how we can help those affected by it. It also allows us to educate others.

And spreading awareness is a great way to introduce this condition to those who may be unaware of it. We can spread awareness by speaking with friends, family, and coworkers, or we can even share information and articles on social media.

Another way to get involved would be to take part in community events or even host one of your own. 

Conclusion

Juvenile Arthritis Awareness Month is about educating, spreading awareness, and taking part in events that help those who are living with this condition.

Whether you decide to take part in community events or speak with your friends and family, we encourage you to take part.

Arthritis is often seen as a condition that only affects older adults, but with more awareness, we can change that conversation.

Make sure to share this with your friends, family, coworkers, or even your social media, and do your part in helping this important cause.

Self-reported migraines and severe headaches affect roughly 1 in 6 Americans.

It’s a common theme, and it happens to many of us. Whether we experience them regularly, or from time to time, headaches present a real problem for many people in their day-to-day lives.

During National Migraine and Headache Awareness month we look to educate and spread awareness around this common condition. We also look to encourage people who experience migraines or chronic headaches to seek help and learn about the treatment options available to them.

‍In today’s article we’ll be exploring:‍

• What migraines and headaches are 
• How and why migraines and headaches occur
• Symptoms and signs 
• Treatment options available
• How to participate in National Migraine and Headache Awareness Month

Keep reading to learn more about migraines and chronic headaches and what you can do to get the help you need.

What are migraines and headaches? How do they happen?

So, what are migraines and headaches?‍

And what’s the difference between a headache and a migraine?

We often associate both with that throbbing, painful feeling we experience in various areas of the head, but there’s actually more to it than just that.

To begin with, headaches are actually just one of the symptoms of a migraine. Headaches can range in severity and length. But they’re actually different from migraines altogether, we sometimes experience them as a result of a migraine or separately on their own.

Some of the most common types of headaches include:

• Sinus headaches - clogged sinuses cause this type of headache to occur. When our sinus passages swell up, we experience a sinus headache.
• Cluster headaches - this type of headache tends to happen daily and sometimes many times per day for several months, and in different areas of the head. When blood vessels become dilated in the brain because of the release of serotonin and histamines we experience this type of headache. Changes in altitude, physical exertion, and bright light may bring on this type of headache. 
• Tension headaches - these are the most common form of headaches we experience. Hunger, excess stress, and eye strain frequently cause this form of headache. Tension headaches are sometimes felt for prolonged periods of time.

‍Now, what differentiates a migraine from a headache?

As we mentioned earlier, a headache is just one symptom someone might experience as a result of a migraine. 

‍Migraines involve nerve pathways and chemicals and they're seen as a neurobiological disease. 

‍Hormones and chemical compounds like serotonin and estrogen often play a role in the pain we experience when a migraine occurs. 

With more research and as better technology comes to the forefront, we’re starting to get a better understanding of migraines and why they occur. 

A new theory suggests waves of activity from excitable brain cells may cause the migraine by triggering chemicals like serotonin, causing it to narrow blood vessels.

The theory states we experience a migraine when the levels of serotonin and/or estrogen change. 

So, now that we know the potential science behind why we experience migraines, what causes them?

It varies from person to person, but triggers for migraines might include:

• Allergies - allergies often cause inflammation and irritation throughout the body. This could result in the inflammation of blood vessels, leading to a migraine. 
• Environments - changes in our stress, diet, or the weather can all trigger the onset of a migraine. 
• Genetics and family history - if members of your family suffer from migraines, you're more likely to experience them as well. 
• Gender and hormonal shifts - women are 3 times more likely to experience migraines compared to men. Changes in hormones and menstrual cycles may affect the probability of women suffering from migraines. 

Symptoms and signs

It’s important to understand the symptoms of headaches and migraines and the treatment options available.

Depending on the type of headache you’re experiencing you may deal with different symptoms. With a tension headache, pain is consistent and it feels mild to moderate. It affects both sides of the head (bilateral) and it can worsen while doing certain activities like running or bending over.

‍Cluster headaches are often intense and have a burning or stabbing-like sensation associated with them. They’re either constant or throbbing. Often, the pain occurs in the eye region or behind one eye and it doesn’t change sides.

Symptoms of sinus headaches may include fever, swelling in the face, bad taste in the mouth, and constant deep pain in the forehead and cheekbones. The pain may get worse with sudden head movements.

‍Migraines follow a different trajectory.

There are actually four stages people may experience with a migraine: 

• Prodrome
• Aura
• Attack
• Postdrome 

Not everybody who suffers from migraines goes through all four stages.

A few days prior to a migraine people might experience symptoms during the prodrome phase that could indicate a migraine is coming. This includes:

• Constipation
• Neck stiffness
• Fluid retention
• Food cravings
• Frequent yawning
• Increased urination
• Mood changes from depression to euphoria 

The aura stage may occur before or even during a migraine. It usually consists of visual symptoms of the nervous system that are reversible, but other irritations may occur as well. Some symptoms include:

• Vision loss
• Difficulty speaking
• Pins and needles sensations in an arm or leg
• Weakness or numbness in the face or one side of the body
• Visual phenomena like seeing bright spots or flashes of light

Now, during the actual migraine (the attack phase) people may experience:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Pain that throbs or pulses
• Sensitivity to light, sound, and sometimes smell and touch
• Pain sometimes on one side of the head but more often on both sides

When a migraine is finally over, we enter the postdrome phase. People might feel drained and confused during this time, and sudden movement of the head may cause migraine pain again briefly.

Treatment options

So, now that we know symptoms to look out for, what about treatment options?

‍What can we do to treat the symptoms we experience? 

‍Over-the-counter medications like aspirin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen may help alleviate the symptoms we experience with mild migraines and headaches. 

But over-the-counter medications may not be enough for someone who experiences more moderate to severe migraines. Some medications treat symptoms and prevent future migraines from happening. Some of these medications include:

• Antidepressants
• Anti-seizure medications
• Blood pressure medications
• Botulinum toxin A (botox) injections

Making lifestyle changes could also help prevent different forms of migraines and headaches from occurring. 

Exercising regularly, getting better sleep, taking part in relaxing activities such as mediation, and even avoiding certain “trigger” foods may help people prevent the onset of migraines and headaches. 

Conclusion - National Migraine and Headache Awareness Month

Migraines and headaches are often brushed off as insignificant. But they can have a tremendous effect on someone's life. 

During Migraine and Headache Awareness Month it’s important to spread awareness around these common disorders.

And with over 37 million people in the United States suffering from migraines it’s important that we not only spread awareness but also educate ourselves on symptoms and the treatment options available.

If you’re looking to participate, make sure to spread the word, educate, or even take part in events in your community that work to acknowledge the struggles people who suffer from migraines and headaches may experience.

And make sure to share this with a friend or family member that you feel could benefit from what we’ve shared today!

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According to the CDC, arthritis is one of the most widespread conditions in the United States, affecting about 1 in 4 adults. 

In fact, it’s estimated it affects almost 59 million Americans. 

May is Arthritis Awareness Month, which is the perfect time to learn more and help spread the word.

Arthritis affects older adults, younger adults, and even children. In fact, approximately 300,000 children may have some type of arthritis. 

And while it’s a common condition, it can sometimes be misunderstood. 

In today’s article we’ll be sharing:

• What arthritis is and what causes it
• The different types of arthritis 
• Symptoms to look out for
• Different treatment options available

Keep reading to learn more!

What is arthritis? 

So, what is arthritis?

‍Arthritis is a condition that affects the joints. It usually causes degeneration and inflammation, leading to pain and discomfort.

Because of this, it can sometimes be difficult to stay active and move around. Even simple tasks like sitting, walking, or clenching your fists can become difficult and painful. 

And although it’s often thought of and referred to as a single condition, there are actually more than 100 types of arthritis and conditions related to it.

‍But, what are the distinctions between the many different types of arthritis?

Different forms cause different symptoms and each form might merit distinct approaches to treatment.

What causes arthritis?

To understand what causes arthritis we first need to understand how our joints work.

Soft tissues cushion and protect our joints, this prevents our bones from rubbing against one another. Connective tissue called articular cartilage works to help our joints move with ease and without pain or discomfort.

‍But not all our joints function the same way. 

Some of our joints have something called the synovial membrane, which is responsible for lubricating our joints. 

There are also tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach our muscles to our bones, ligaments attach our bones to one another, and both of them work to support certain joints such as our knees.

While there are many types of arthritis, and many ways they can affect our bodies, we’ll focus here on the most common.

The two most common types of arthritis are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Each affects  joints differently:

• Osteoarthritis - causes wear-and-tear damage to cartilage. Cartilage normally allows for slick movement of our joints, functioning as a protective shield on our bones, preventing bone-on-bone contact. Over time, with enough damage, cartilage will deteriorate to the point that our bones are making direct contact and rubbing against each other.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis - causes the body's immune system to attack the lining of the joint capsule (the synovial membrane). The synovial membrane then becomes swollen and inflamed. With time, this condition can destroy bone and cartilage within the joint.

Although osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are the most common forms of this condition, there is another form of arthritis that specifically affects children: 

• Childhood or juvenile arthritis - The most common form of childhood arthritis is juvenile idiopathic arthritis which is also referred to as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. This can cause permanent damage to joints making it difficult for children to go about their day-to-day activities and it could lead to disability. 

Symptoms and treatment options

It’s great to know the science around arthritis, but what are the symptoms?

Understanding and being aware of the symptoms of arthritis can help you better understand if you or your loved ones might be dealing with it.

This can help people get the treatment they need in a timely manner. 

Depending on the type of arthritis, symptoms can vary, but there are some common symptoms, including:

• Soreness
• Stiffness
• Redness
• Swelling
• A decreased range of motion 

If you’re concerned you or someone you know may have arthritis - contact a medical specialist, get a professional opinion, and learn about treatment options.

Treatment options vary depending on the type and severity of arthritis. 

Medications and physical therapy are common forms of treatment. And sometimes if initial treatment doesn’t help, a doctor may suggest surgery. But it depends on how severe the arthritis is and what impact it has on your life.

Some common medications prescribed for arthritis management include: 

• Steroids - Corticosteroid medications are often used to slow joint damage and reduce pain and inflammation. They’re sometimes injected directly into the joint or they’re given in the form of a pill. 
• Counterirritants - Creams and ointments that contain capsaicin or menthol are sometimes used to help with pain and inflammation. The idea is to rub the cream or ointment on the affected joints to help interfere with pain signals.
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) -  These medications are used to reduce inflammation and relieve pain. Some common forms include ibuprofen and naproxen sodium. There are even anti-inflammatory topical medications now available.
• Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) - these drugs are used to slow the progression of rheumatoid arthritis, in an attempt to protect the joints and other tissues from permanent damage.

‍Physical therapy and exercise can also help. 

Exercising can help strengthen muscles and improve overall range of motion. And physical therapy could help improve mobility and increase strength to support our joints.

For some though, medication and physical therapy may not be enough. In such cases, doctors may suggest surgery, depending on how serious the condition is.

Some forms of surgery include: 

• Joint fusion - this is a more common procedure for smaller joints. It involves the removal of the ends of two bones in the joint. The ends are then locked together until they heal into a single fixed unit.
• Joint repair  - performed through small incisions made over the joints, this surgery involves smoothing out the surfaces of joints to improve function and reduce pain.
• Joint replacement -  the damaged joint is removed completely and then replaced with a manufactured one. ‍

Conclusion - Arthritis awareness month

Arthritis is a common condition that affects many Americans. Although it’s most common in older adults, it can be present in children and young adults as well.

With the variety of different forms out there, it’s important to be aware of the symptoms of arthritis. In doing so, you can help catch this condition before it gets too serious.

There are many treatment options available that can help with the pain, discomfort, and inflammation that arthritis causes.

Be sure to share this article with a friend or family member who you think could really benefit from learning more about arthritis.

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Kidney disease affects roughly 15% of the adult population in the United States - that’s around 37 million people. But unlike other conditions, kidney disease is largely unrecognized.

That’s why during National Kidney Month, we look to shed light on kidney disease and educate ourselves about the importance of kidney health.

Kidney disease is a leading cause of death in America. This makes education and awareness of kidney disease crucial for our health and the health of future generations. 

What do kidneys do?

The human body is made up of several organs that all play a role in the healthy function of our body.

As one of these organs, our kidneys work to remove extra fluid and waste from our bodies. They also remove acid, and they work to maintain a healthy balance of minerals, salts, and water.

They even make hormones that:

• Help make red blood cells
• Control blood pressure
• Keep bones healthy and strong

But, how do they work?

Most simply, the kidneys act as a filter.

They’re made up of a million tiny units called nephrons. 

Each nephron contains a filter called the glomerulus and a tubule. 

While the glomerulus filters your blood, the tubule returns needed substances into your blood and removes the waste, sending it to the bladder to be removed from the body through urine.

Risk factors and symptoms of kidney disease

Understanding risk factors, as well as symptoms, can help with the early detection of kidney disease.

This can help prevent kidney disease from developing more and leading to kidney failure. 

High blood pressure and diabetes are the leading causes of kidney disease. In 76% of cases of kidney failure between 2015-2017, both hypertension and diabetes were the primary diagnoses.

There are other health factors and lifestyle choices that can also increase your risk for kidney disease. Some of which include: 

• Obesity
• Smoking
• Older age
• Cardiovascular disease
• Abnormal kidney structure
• Family history of kidney disease
• Regular use of medication that can cause damage to the kidneys

Because our kidneys play such an integral role in the functions of our body - kidney disease can lead to many complications. 

Some of these include fluid retention, the rise of potassium levels in your blood, and even a decreased immune response. 

You can find a more extensive list of complications from kidney disease from the Mayo Clinic here.

Symptoms of kidney disease might include:

• Poor appetite 
• Poor sleeping
• Dry and itchy skin
• Difficulty concentrating
• Swollen ankles and feet
• Drowsiness and lethargy
• Muscle cramping at night
• The need to urinate more often than usual
• Puffiness around your eyes (in the morning especially) 

If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms or suspect you might have kidney disease, talk with your medical provider as soon as possible.

How you can help keep your kidneys healthy

We’ve talked about the importance of your kidneys and what they do as well as risk factors and symptoms you should look out for.

But, what can you do to keep them healthier? 

Hydrate - water assists your kidneys in removing waste from your blood. It also helps keep your blood vessels open so blood can flow freely with essential nutrients for your kidneys. 

Quit smoking - blood flow is slowed down by smoking - this results in a decrease in blood flow to organs like your kidneys. It can also cause higher blood pressure.

Regular exercise - exercising regularly can help you stay at a healthy weight. This prevents obesity, and exercising can improve your blood pressure and insulin resistance. All these factors can help prevent chronic kidney disease.

Eat a healthy diet - eating a well-balanced diet can lower your risk for kidney disease. Focus on foods that are healthy for your heart and body. Try to eat vegetables, fresh fruits, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat dairy products. Cutting back on salt and added sugars can also help.

Avoid over-the-counter medications - taking certain over-the-counter medications for long periods of time can increase your risk for kidney disease. Be sure to talk to your care team about any medications you take regularly.

Be cautious with herbal remedies and supplements - too much of certain herbal remedies or vitamins could be harmful to your kidneys. It’s best practice to consult with your medical provider before you decide to start any new supplements.

National Kidney Month - Conclusion

Our kidneys play a vital role in the healthy function of our body. Acting as a filter and working to remove waste and acid from our body while also working to maintain healthy levels of minerals, salts, and water.

Like with most conditions, early diagnosis of kidney disease leads to better outcomes. That’s why it’s important to be aware of the risk factors and symptoms of kidney disease.

If you’re concerned - talk to your medical provider about kidney disease or any of the factors that might cause it.

And spread the word. Share this article with a loved one, and speak up to your friends about the importance of National Kidney Month!