Blog
Acute vs. chronic inflammation: the role of inflammation in the body
Learn the difference between acute and chronic inflammation, how inflammation supports healing, and what happens when it becomes long-term in the body.

Inflammation is one of the body's most important biological processes. It's part of how the immune system responds to injury, infection, and other threats. While it often gets talked about in negative terms, inflammation itself is not inherently harmful. In many cases, it's essential for healing and protection.
Problems arise when inflammation is either too strong, poorly regulated, or becomes long-lasting. That's where the distinction between acute and chronic inflammation becomes important.
What is inflammation?
Inflammation is the immune system's response to damage or perceived threat. When tissues are injured or exposed to harmful stimuli, the body sends immune cells and signaling molecules to the area to begin repair and defense.
This process involves increased blood flow, activation of immune pathways, and the release of chemical signals that help coordinate healing. Inflammation often causes redness, warmth, swelling, and pain during the healing process.
At its core, inflammation is a communication system between immune cells and tissues that can occur anywhere in the body, including the gut. It helps the body isolate problems, remove damaged cells, and begin repair.
Acute inflammation and healing
Acute inflammation is the body's immediate, short-term response to injury or infection. It begins within minutes or hours and typically resolves once the threat is removed and healing begins.
This type of inflammation is protective. For example, when you cut your skin or catch a virus, acute inflammation helps recruit immune cells to the site, clear out harmful agents, and support tissue repair. In a healthy system, acute inflammation is tightly regulated. Once healing is underway, anti-inflammatory signals help shut the process down, so tissues can return to normal function.
Chronic inflammation and persistence
Chronic inflammation is different from the acute inflammation that supports the body's natural healing processes. Instead of resolving over time, chronic inflammation is persistent, sometimes even when there is no longer an immediate threat.
This can happen for several reasons, including ongoing exposure to irritants, unresolved infections, or dysregulation in immune signaling pathways. When inflammation persists, the immune system may remain in a constant state of activation.
Unlike acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is less about healing and more about sustained immune activity. Over time, this can lead to tissue damage and contribute to a range of health conditions.
Researchers are currently studying how chronic inflammation develops, but it's generally understood as a breakdown in the normal regulation of immune responses.
Acute and chronic inflammation difference
The key between acute and chronic inflammation is duration and purpose. Acute inflammation is short-term, effective, and protective. It activates quickly, targets a specific problem, and resolves once healing occurs. Chronic inflammation, on the other hand, is long-term and often dysfunctional. It persists beyond the initial trigger and can contribute to ongoing tissue stress. Both are driven by the immune system, but they operate on very different timelines and create different outcomes.
Immune signaling and inflammatory pathways
Inflammation is controlled by complex immune signaling pathways that regulate when the response starts and stops. These pathways involve immune cells, chemical messengers called cytokines, and feedback loops that help control intensity.
When these signals work properly, inflammation is precise and temporary. When regulation breaks down, signaling can remain active, contributing to chronic inflammation. Understanding these pathways helps explain why inflammation is not simply good or bad, but highly context-dependent.
Why inflammation matters for health
Inflammation plays a role in nearly every system in the body. It helps defend against infection, repair tissue, and maintain balance after injury. When inflammation becomes chronic, however, it can affect overall health and wellbeing.
Lifestyle factors such as diet, sleep, stress, and physical activity can all influence inflammatory processes. Researchers continue to explore how these factors interact with immune signaling over time. If you're concerned that you may be living with chronic inflammation, it's a smart idea to talk with your healthcare provider about changes you can make to find relief.
Inflammation is not inherently negative, and when you're dealing with an injury or illness, it can actually be a good thing, as inflammation is a necessary biological response that supports healing and protection. The difference between acute and chronic inflammation lies in how long the response lasts and how well it is regulated. Understanding this balance helps clarify why inflammation is both essential and, in some cases, harmful when it becomes persistent.
How Evidation can support your health over time
When you're working to reduce chronic inflammation, it can be helpful to figure out the foods, actions, and lifestyle habits that contribute to your wellbeing, and Evidation can help. When you download the Evidation app, you'll be prompted to share the health data you're already tracking. We'll use the information you choose to share to find patterns and offer you personalized, content-based insights that help you move your health forward. If you're ready to take the next step, we're here to help. Click here to learn more about how Evidation works and get started today.

8 Fresh Summer Ideas
Don’t let summer pass you by this year! We chatted with our team and consolidated some of our favorite activities.
Don’t let summer pass you by this year! We chatted with our team and consolidated some of our favorite activities.
- Connect with brainy folks all around the world with Atlas Obscura’s Trivia Night! Rally together a virtual team and participate for $7.
- Celebrate Blues Artist Mavis Staples and listen to other folk artists including Brandi Carlile, Jason Isbell, Ben Harper, and Phoebe Bridgers for a Livestream concert. Tickets cost $12. Tune in this Friday, July 31st at 8:30pm EST.
- Join host Saleem Reshamwala as he goes on global expeditions and learns from people around the world who are creatively working to make their communities better. Tune into this Ted podcast to transport to another world virtually in the absence of travel.
- Host a virtual book club with friends. The benefit of talking about your latest read via Zoom or video chat is that you can connect with friends across time zones.
- Jump on the geocaching bandwagon. We recently heard from some Achievers that they’ve been geocaching with their family members for an active, outdoor treasure hunt.
- Make a box fort/cat castle for your cat children if you’re a cat mom or dad. :)
- Set up a socially distanced front yard hang! Dust off your lawn chairs and pick up some of your favorite snacks and head outdoors.
- Choose a road trip and safely travel to a closeby spot! Know you’re not alone in opting for a road trip as a staycation during these unusual times. Read up on some of the best road trips in America.
- Host your very own hot sauce competition with your “quaranteam.” Find some new hot sauces you’ve always wanted to try online and order them in to have a mini hot sauce competition. Pro tip: the Heatonist has some of our favorites.
- Channel your inner artist with a paint by number kit. Tune into a favorite playlist and enjoy a leisurely weekend art hour.
.avif)
Representation in Research Matters
We’re collaborating with BlackDoctor.org to ensure that the effects of COVID-19 are investigated in a representative population.
Historically, minorities have been inadequately represented in research studies. We’re committed to enrolling a more diverse and representative population in Evidation for studies.
We’re collaborating with BlackDoctor.org to ensure that the effects of COVID-19 are investigated in a representative population.
We, in partnership with BlackDoctor.org and Myovant Sciences, have launched Forward Momentum, a cross-sector coalition working to improve the lives of men with prostate cancer. Forward Momentum is committed to addressing the complex set of challenges that hold back the representation, information, and conversations that all men deserve. By bringing together organizations from diverse sectors and investing in novel digital initiatives, Forward Momentum strives to accelerate progress for men with prostate cancer.
Stay tuned for more updates from us on these research efforts!
.avif)
Hear from Us About the Future of Health
Evidation partners with the world’s leading healthcare companies and enables everyone to participate in research.
Our CEO, Deborah Kilpatrick, recently spoke on a podcast about the importance of everyday behavior data and the future of health. After working in the medical technology space, she joined Evidation Health in 2014. Evidation partners with the world’s leading healthcare companies and enables everyone to participate in research. We’re focused on helping people measure everyday activities. We’re also invested in connecting our community to opportunities that will help them better understand the conditions that impact them and their loved ones. Listen more on this podcast here.

Together We Can Achieve More
At Evidation, we’re focused on meeting people where they are and helping them along their health journey.
At Evidation, we’re focused on meeting people where they are and helping them along their health journey. Our engaged community of members represents 96% of U.S. counties and includes individuals across ages, ethnicities, and socioeconomic backgrounds. This community puts us in a unique position to learn from one another and contribute to meaningful health research.
With a mission of helping people participate in better health outcomes, we're committed to identifying opportunities that are inclusive of all and educating ourselves on the social issues that are impacting the world. To truly achieve our mission of helping people participate in better health outcomes, we recognize we have more work to do. Our commitment going forward:
- Provide our members with educational content around health and race curated by our team of researchers.
- Put in place more inclusive study opportunities for members to participate in.
- Do our part as a research company to participate in inclusive clinical research practices to ensure diverse and generalizable results through diverse participant recruitment and participation.
- Hold ourselves accountable by reporting our progress out to our members.
We’re committed to supporting long-term systematic change and stand in solidarity with our Black teammates, Evidation Members, and the entire Black community. We know this is only the beginning of the conversation, and we need to continue to fight for equality. We’ll continue to listen, educate ourselves, take action, hold ourselves accountable, and pledge to do our best to support all communities to participate in better health outcomes.
An immediate change we’re pleased to share is that Evidation Members can now donate their rewards to these charities:
American Civil Liberties Union
.jpeg)
.jpeg)

Evidation Health and BARDA Partner on Early Warning System for COVID-19
On June 4th, Evidation Health announced a new effort to develop an early warning algorithm to detect symptoms of COVID-19 and to understand susceptibility to infection, funded by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), part of the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Here at Evidation, we’ve been identifying opportunities to contribute to COVID research. THe Evidation app is a product of Evidation Health, and has a community of over 3 million and members all around the United States. With an engaged research population representing a variety of zip codes and demographics, we’re uniquely positioned to help researchers and organizations conduct meaningful research about the pandemic.
On June 4th, Evidation Health announced a new effort to develop an early warning algorithm to detect symptoms of COVID-19 and to understand susceptibility to infection, funded by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), part of the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
“Many infected individuals are asymptomatic but still able to spread the virus, making efforts to prevent and slow transmission of COVID-19 difficult,” said Luca Foschini, Ph.D., Evidation’s co-founder and chief data scientist. “This initiative will use novel behavioral and physiological data to more effectively identify when and where people may contract COVID-19, and can potentially enable real-time interventions to limit spread and monitor outcomes.”
The analysis, performed in collaboration with non-profit 4YouandMe, will use de-identified data generated by self-reporting and wearable devices to track symptoms of COVID-19 in those at particularly high risk, including health care workers and other first responders, in order to better understand susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. One potential outcome of this work is an early warning algorithm to help individuals better understand and monitor their respiratory disease symptoms and take precautions against their spread.
“The ability to self-monitor and be informed of health status will empower Americans in their decisions to help slow the spread of this pandemic and improve health outcomes for people with COVID-19,” said BARDA Acting Director, Gary Disbrow, Ph.D. “This pilot study is not only an early step in demonstrating the utility of models developed using person-generated health data but also may provide data to better understand the varied symptoms of COVID-19.”
This program follows Evidation’s work with BARDA to monitor individuals for respiratory infections, such as influenza. Evidation’s existing research on influenza utilizes person-generated health data and population-based models with the goal of improving real-time respiratory infection monitoring at the individual and population level. BARDA is contributing a $720,000 award as part of BARDA’s COVID-19 Rapidly Deployable Capabilities program to identify and pilot near-term innovative solutions for COVID-19. Support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is from the $250 million the foundation has committed to address the COVID-19 pandemic.

How Evidation Members Rallied Together Through COVID Pulse Survey
Through this challenging time, we we've been inspired by our members who responded to many questions with great empathy and creativity as they have adapted to new routines
We’ve been continuing to monitor sentiment in the community around the coronavirus through an Evidation Survey called COVID Pulse. Since kicking off the survey on March 12th right after the coronavirus was declared a pandemic, we’ve been sending out a weekly survey to our members.
We wanted to quantify participation and interest and share some of the latest trends from our most recent surveys. After we released the first survey, we received over 120,000+ responses in five days from over 20,000 United States zip codes. The highest percentage of responses came from the age groups in the range of 30–39, followed by the 18–29 age range, and lastly, the 40–49 range. Though, we did see representation from members ages 18–80+! We’ve been pleasantly surprised by the number of members who have continued to check in week over week to share their sentiment surrounding coronavirus. In fact, 11% of survey respondents have completed all five COVID Pulse Surveys to date and 22%+ completed four out of five COVID Pulse Surveys.
Most recently, we saw that over 85% of respondents said that if social distancing and stay at home orders were lifted today, they would know what to do to reduce chances of contracting the coronavirus. We also saw that members would continue to take the necessary precautions even if social distancing guidelines and stay at home orders were lifted. Over 60% would continue to stay at home and maintain social distancing behaviors. Additionally, nearly 70% said they would continue to start to wear protective equipment (for example a face mask) in public settings. For those who responded in locations where shelter in place has been lifted, only ~25% of respondents said that they were attending small social events.
Through this challenging time, we were also inspired by our members who responded to many questions with great empathy and creativity as they have adapted to new routines. In fact, when asked about their concerns if they were to be diagnosed, 75% of respondents expressed concern over getting others sick in their worries. This fear was followed by 60% of respondents expressing their worry over the physical discomforts of getting sick. Regarding ways to minimize changes to physical and mental health, we’ve seen an uptick in individuals sharing the importance of maintaining whatever routines possible, avoiding or taking breaks from the news, and a continued connection through video chats with friends and family. In fact, maintaining connection through social media scored high for Evidation Members as a method to socialize with others. Both last week and this week, 70% of respondents said they used social media to socialize with other people.

Get Your Cooking Game On
We know that being stuck indoors can be tough, but hopefully getting creative in the kitchen continues to be a fun pastime for many.
As we continue to be home during the coronavirus, we wanted to share another collection of snack ideas that you can make at home. We know that being stuck indoors can be tough, but hopefully getting creative in the kitchen continues to be a fun pastime for many.
- Try your hand at making a sweet or savory dip at home! Check out this greek cucumber yogurt dip from the Today Show or this three ingredient Healthy Honey Mustard Dip from the blog Cupcakes and Kale Chips.
- Experiment with no-bake bars like this No Bake Chocolate Oat Bar from All Recipes.
- Make your own cup of Dalgona Coffee (the Coronavirus trend that’s bringing out everyone’s internal barista)
- Test out the dessert that’s on the rise — make this three ingredient crème brûlée.
- Bring Disneyland to your home with Disney’s official homemade churro recipe.
- In the absence of a trip to Benihana’s, learn how to make this chicken fried rice at home.
- Check out Wacky cake. It’s an old favorite that came from the Depression when there was less access to ingredients. This cake only takes a few, simple ingredients.
- Have some Nutella handy in your pantry? Make these DIY Nutella pops with two other ingredients and a popsicle stick.
- Eat breakfast like one of the royal family by trying out Prince Charles’ famous cheesy baked eggs
- If you’re feeling fancy, you can also give Queen Elizabeth’s drop scones a try.

Oura Ring + Evidation = Match Made in Heaven
We know a big part of your Evidation experience is connecting apps and wearables to your account. Did you know here are more than 15 apps you can connect to help you earn points faster?
We know a big part of your Evidation experience is connecting apps and wearables to your account. To date, there are 15+ apps that you can connect to Evidation to track different activities that you take. For a reminder of which apps are available and where you can connect these apps to your experience, check out the Connect Apps page here.

We’re pleased today to share that the Oura Ring is now available to connect to Evidation. To connect your OURA ring and app, please follow these directions below:
- Log into the Evidation app or website > middle tab (apps section)
%2520(1).png)
2. Connect > Oura > Log in to OURA account
Note: it may take a few minutes to sync. If the app shows ‘not yet synced’
%2520(1).png)
%2520(1).png)
Please go back to the middle tab and click down to refresh the app. If all dates did not retroactively sync, we recommend to disconnect the app from Evidation and reconnect.
.avif)
Can a furry friend help you cope with COVID?
You may be wondering, can owning a dog help you live a bit healthier? It turns out that new dog owners in general are a promising sign of better health!
We know that the last few months have put everyone into a new funk. Work, lifestyles, and exercise are all uniquely different than they may have been back when 2020 started.
That’s why we decided to look at how Evidation Members were resting and perhaps coping with some of these changes. To better understand our community, we decided to look at members who logged fitbit data in 2019 and 2020 between January and April to see if the pandemic was causing people to change up their nap schedule (hopefully for the better). Total number of naps per user per day were counted and the average nap count per day was calculated across our Evidation population. See the figure below:
.jpeg)
It appears that members are indeed napping far more than they were in 2019, beginning at about the time shelter in place orders began (which was around March 15, 2020, see grey in graph). On average, after shelter in place began, Evidation Members napped 14.37% more compared to the previous year during this time period. That’s many more naps! And hopefully, people are using this time to rest and recuperate.
We know that being mindful of sleep is one way people can take care of their health. However, we also observed in the news that fostering dogs has been at an all time high. It has become so popular that there’s even a waitlist.
So, in addition to users napping far more compared to last year, we delved more into what other things users are doing differently during this uncertain time. We released a survey a few weeks ago asking our members about their dogs, what type of relationship they have with their pets, and their activity habits with their pets. We received over 35,000 responses!
The first thing we wanted to know about our members and their pets was whether they had recently fostered a dog. It turns out that many people have begun to foster dogs, likely due to the pandemic. In total, 1,500+ Achievers indicated that they fostered their dog in between February and April of this year. Compare that to only 450+ Achievers during that time period last year. It definitely appears that the pandemic is causing people to go out and lend a helping hand to a homeless dog.
Of the people who recently fostered a dog, 55% indicated that they are now working from home due to the coronavirus. 39% said that they are still going into work, and 5% indicated that they had worked at home prior to the pandemic. These newly remote workers appear to be helping keep these shelters empty.
You may be wondering, can owning a dog help you live a bit healthier? It turns out that new dog owners in general are a promising sign of better health! For those that got their dog in 2019 or 2020, we found that members walk on average about 350 steps more per day, comparing the 30 days prior to getting a dog with the 30 days post getting a dog. Even in pandemic times (though members are walking far less than their 2019 dog owner counterparts, by about 1000 steps per day for those that got their dogs in March and April), members with new dogs are getting a 200 step increase in steps pre vs post dog ownership! Of course, this is expected, and we’re happy to report that dogs can help you get more steps. This trend turned out to be especially true for the older folks in our population. The 50+ population increased their steps by about 500 steps on average, compared to the ~200 step increase for those who are less than 50. Take a look:
.jpeg)
Another interesting question we asked our members was whether or not they sleep with their pets and how often per week they sleep with their pets. While we didn’t see a necessary difference in sleep quality or total time when our members had their dog buddies snoozing with them, we did see many people report that they sleep next to their dogs. In fact, 73% of Evidation Members said they nap or sleep next to their dog, at least once per week. For members who said they nap or sleep next to their dog, over 19,000 reported to nap or sleep next to their dog at least 4 times a week! This may sound surprising for the folks who may not have furry pals, but many can attest that sleeping next to their dogs can be a comforting ritual.
The last thing we wanted to explore was whether we could learn anything about our members who had reported that having a dog had helped them manage with their health-condition (heart condition, limited mobility, etc). We found that 1000+ members agreed that having a dog helped. It seemed as though having a furry friend was very helpful for emotional support and well being. We did not find any concrete information around managing conditions, but were glad to hear that those who had self reported with many conditions (specifically anxiety, asthma, chronic pain, depression, diabetes, high cholesterol, hypertension and migraines) and who had a higher resting heart rate found having a pet to be supportive.